Noble metal nanocolloids are prepared from their precursors by in situ reduction of a silk fibroin solution at room temperature without any reducing agent. The mechanism, the effects of pH and the molar ratio of the reactants on the reduction reaction are studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The structure of the colloids is characterized by FT-IR, TEM and AFM. According to the TEM images, the gold-silk fibroin colloid is a nanostructured bioconjugate with novel core-shell, while the silver-silk fibroin colloid tends to be congregated as clusters having more than ten nanoparticles of silver-silk fibroin. The gold colloid is highly dispersed and stable while the silver colloid is less dispersed and stable than the gold colloid.