Three kinds of modified montmorillonites were prepared by ion exchange method, and added into (PEO) 16LiClO4 matrix to study the effect on the ionic conductivity of (PEO) 16LiClO4 electrolytes. The structure of the modified montmorillonites and polymer composites were characterized by wide-angle X-ray diffraction. HP 4192A was used to measure the ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolytes. The results show that the addition of optimum content of 250-Li-mont enhances the ionic conductivity of the PEO based electrolyte by nearly 30 times more than the plain system and that is much higher than the other two modified montmorillonites. The difference of enhancement in conductivity caused by adding these three montmorillonites can be attributed to the difference in structure of the samples as characterized by wide-angle X-ray diffraction.