部分柿属雄性种质花粉生物学特征研究
首发时间:2006-11-28
摘要:雄性种质在柿属植物育种中具有重要价值。本实验以湖北省大别山区分布的完全雄性变异单株雄株2号、雄株3号、雄株8号、雄株9号、雄株10号,以及着生雄花的栽培柿品种禅寺丸、华柿1号和栽培柿变种野柿、近缘种油柿等为试材,对其花器形态、花粉量、花粉直径、巨大花粉比率、花粉离体萌发率、花粉与主栽完全甜柿和完全涩柿品种的柱头亲和性等进行了比较研究。结果表明:(1)供试完全雄性变异单株全株均只着生雄花,花期较长,可与主栽柿品种的雌花相遇;(2)供试完全雄性变异单株的单花花粉量比禅寺丸略少、但单花药花粉量差异不显著;(3)供试柿属雄性种质的花粉粒直径在染色体倍性不同的试材间差异极显著,但在相同倍性的试材间差异不显著;(4)雄株3号、雄株9号、雄株10号,以及禅寺丸、华柿1号、野柿和油柿中存在巨大花粉,且其比率在不同年份间不一致;(5)供试完全雄性变异单株花粉离体萌发率为10%~40%;(6)所有供试柿属雄性种质花粉均能在‘前川次郎’和‘磨盘柿’柱头正常萌发。柿属雄性种质花粉生物学特性的研究为其在生产和育种方面的应用提供了科学依据。
关键词: 柿属植物 雄性种质 花粉量 花粉直径 巨大花粉 生活力 亲和力
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Survey of Pollen Characteristics in Chinese Diospyros spp. Staminate Germplasm
Abstract:Diospyros spp. staminate germplasm showed great value in persimmon breeding. Five staminate persimmon germplasm distributed in Dabie mountains (Male No.2, Male No.3, Male No.8, Male No.9 and Male No.10), two monoecious Japanese persimmon cultivars (Zenjimaru, Huashi No.1, Diospyros kaki Thunb.), Sylvestris persimmon(D. kaki Thunb.var. syliatria)and Oily persimmon(D. oleifera Cheng)were used to study pollen characteristics (pollen diameter, frequency of giant pollen, pollen number, pollen viability and pollen affinity). The results showed that (1) Chinese Diospyros spp. staminate germplasm steadily grow the male flower, the florescence time of male flower was 10~15 days which met with most of varieties’ female flower. (2) Chinese Diospyros spp. staminate germplasm had less pollen quantity per flower than Zenjimaru, but pollen quantity per anther was not significantly different. (3) The diameter normal pollen of hexadiploid cultivars (2n=6×=90) were significantly lager than diploid Oily persimmon (2n=2×=30), and it is not greatly different among hexadiploid cultivars. (4) Giant pollens were found in Male No.3, Male No.9, Male No.10, Zenjimaru, Huashi No.1, Sylvestris persimmon and Oily persimmon, but the frequency of giant pollen varied among cultivars in different years. (5) The pollen viability of Chinese Diospyros spp. staminate germplasm ranged in vitro from 10 % to 40 %, which is less than that of Zenjimaru. (6) Observing affinity of pollen and style by fluorescence microscope, all materials could germinate on the stigma of \
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