平原河网地区农业非点源污染负荷及其分配探讨
首发时间:2009-07-02
摘要:农业非点源污染是造成我国水体严重污染的重要原因,弄清非点源污染负荷是流域污染治理的重要基础性工作。本文首先介绍了农业非点源污染负荷的影响因素及非点源定量研究模型,并重点介绍了污染负荷模型和分布式污染负荷模型,并对两个模型的时空分配的优缺点进行了探讨。 污染负荷模型没有考虑污染物的空间分布与概化河道的相对位置关系;在时间分配上,没有考虑河道过流能力对汇污的限制作用。针对污染负荷模型的不足,本文着重介绍了分布式污染负荷模型的空间分配和时间分配:其利用GIS中的图层空间运算技术以及“栅格”化处理技术,以栅格到周边河道的距离和河道断面面积为权重,实现圩区和非圩区各种土地利用下污染负荷迁移通量向周边河道的自动分配,并建立非圩区的污染物质量平衡方程以及“虚拟联系”的过流方程,更好地实现圩区和非圩区各种土地利用下污染负荷迁移通量向周边河道的自动分配。
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Agricultural non-point source pollution load and its distribution in plain river network regions
Abstract:Agricultural non-point source pollution is an important cause that make the water body serious polluted in our country. To know the agricultural non-point source pollution better is the basic work to control the water basin pollution. This paper introduces the influence factors of agricultural non-point source, and the waste load model and distributed waste model are introduced in details. The advantages and disadvantages of two models in time and space distribution are discussed in this paper. The waste load model does not consider the relative position of pollutants and the generalized rivers as well as the pollutant holding ability. The distributed waste load model uses the computation technology of graph layer space of GIS and rasterizing, and makes the distance from grid to the river around and section area as weight, to realize the automatic distribution of the pollutants transport in polder area non-polder area. It also establishes the virtual relationship of the over-current equations, and realizes the automatic distribution of the waste load fluxes of various land uses to around rivers.
Keywords: agricultural non-point source waste load time distribution space distribution
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No.3357048330312465****
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