Study of dams\
首发时间:2009-10-20
Abstract:The continuous ecosystems of natural rivers are altered by construction of dams, which has several negative impacts on fishes. Those mainly includes: (1) Barrier of fishes migration routes, (2) Changes of hydrological and hydraulic conditions for fishes spawning, (3) Reduction and destruction of habitats, (4) Influences of gas supersaturation, (5) Influences of discharged low-temperature water. This paper summarizes some research achievements home and abroad, and then it offers two kinds of solutions to those problems: One is engineering measure, such as installing environmentally friendly hydropower turbines and building ecological fish passages in hydraulic structures; the other is non-engineering measure, which includes Fishes Nature Reserves, ecological compensation and regulation, artificial propagation and stocking, etc.
keywords: dams fishes ecological impacts solutions
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大坝对鱼类生物的影响及其对策研究
摘要:大坝建设改变了河流原有连续的生态系统,对鱼类生物的产生了较大不利生态影响,主要包括:鱼类洄游通道阻隔;栖息地减少和破坏;鱼类产卵水文水力学条件变化;气体过饱和及下泄水温影响。本文总结国内外相关经验,对以上不利影响提出两类对策,一类是工程措施:例如在水利工程中安装鱼类友好型水轮机以及建设生态型鱼道;另外一类是非工程措施,主要包括建设鱼类自然保护区;进行生态调度和生态补偿;适当进行鱼类增殖放养等措施。
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