MicroRespTM方法研究土壤微生物群落水平生理特征(CLPP)进展
首发时间:2011-03-01
摘要:了解微生物群落功能是认识土壤生态过程的核心问题,而微生物群落的定量描述一直是生物学家面临的一项艰巨的任务。反映微生物群落对含碳底物代谢功能多样性的群落水平生理特征(Community Level Physiological Profile,CLPP)通常被用来评估微生物群落功能的差异。近20年来产生了三种测定CLPP的方法,即基于单一碳源检测技术(Sole carbon source tests)的Biolog方法、多重底物诱导呼吸(Multiple carbon-sources Substrate-induced Respiration,Multi-SIR)方法以及新近发展起来的MicroRespTM方法。Biolog方法虽然应用广泛,但其测定对象是土壤提取物,因而对它的可靠性存在很大争议;Multi-SIR方法自动化程度低,操作繁琐,便易性差的特点也限制该方法的使用;MicroRespTM方法结合了前两种方法的优点,不仅测定方法简单、快速、灵敏,而且测定对象是“完整土壤(Whole-soil)”,因此被认为是一种具有广阔应用前景的CLPP评测方法,但国内目前还没有相关报道。在与其它两种方法比较的基础上,本文论述了MicroRespTM方法的背景、原理、操作和应用,并结合国内实际研究工作需要提出有关土壤微生物CLPP测定方法的建议。旨在促进对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的了解,也为土壤微生物研究提供一种方法学上的借鉴。
关键词: 土壤学 MicroResp 群落水平生理多样性 微生物种群 功能多样性 底物诱导呼吸
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A Review of Assessing Soil Community Level Physiological Profiles Using MicroRespTM
Abstract:Understanding the functions of microbial communities in different environments is essential to have knowledge of ecological processes. However, the quantitative description of microbial communities is one of the most difficult tasks facing microbial ecologists. Community Level Physiological Profile (CLPP) is usually assessed to obtain the diversities of carbon substrate catabolism of microbial communities. In recent 20 years, three methods have been developed for assessing CLPP, Biolog (based on Sole-carbon-source tests), Multiple carbon-sources Substrate-induced Respiration (Multi-SIR), and MicroRespTM. Biolog redox technique is widely used in part because it is simple, automatable, quick and informational. However, the fundamental basis of using such an approach for ecological studies has been questioned due to its depending on inefficient extraction. A Multi-SIR was developed, which measures the response of the whole soil community without the need for extraction but lost the convenience of the microtitre plate format, and is time-consuming and laborious when analyzing large numbers of samples and substrates. Therefore, the third approach, MicroRespTM, was developed, which combines the advantages of both Biolog and Multi-SIR, and allows for the rapid assessment of CLPP from whole soil using a colourmetric detection system and an automated plate reader. The objective of this review is to increase recognizing the diversity of the three methods, the development, principle, operation, application of MicroRespTM in different ecosystems.
Keywords: Soil science MicroResp Community level physiological profiles Microbial communities Functional diversity Substrate induced respiration
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