仿昆虫扑翼微型飞行器设计参数对气动特性的影响分析
首发时间:2011-08-22
摘要:本文采用计算流体力学的方法研究仿昆虫扑翼的微型飞行器翼的设计参数对飞行器气动特性的影响。分别研究了运动参数、几何参数及飞行状态。结果表明:悬停时,扑翼迎角、拍动幅度和拍动频率对平均升力和瞬时阻力影响明显;反向改变扑翼迎角对平均阻力影响较大,可产生所需的推力或阻力实现前飞或后飞;增大扑翼翼型厚度会减小气动力、增大展弦比会增加气动力,但对平均阻力都几乎没影响;翻转运动的转轴位置对气动力的平均值影响不超过5%;以1m/s的速度前飞和上飞可改变气动力,这主要是由于有效迎角的变化引起的,前飞时,气动力平均值变化不大;上飞时,平均升力减小,平均阻力几乎不变。基于扑翼微型飞行器的设计要求,在一定尺寸范围内,选择较大迎角、幅度和频率,采用较薄的大展弦比机翼,可获得较大的平均升力保持悬停。通过改变上下拍迎角,使其反向变化可控制飞行器的前后飞行状态;改变升力大小可控制垂直飞行状态。此外,左右翼采用不同的参数也会获得很好的控制力和力矩,用于横向控制。
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Effect of design parameters to aerodynamic performance in insect-like flapping wing micro-air-vehicle
Abstract:The effect of design parameters (motion parameters, geometry parameters and flying status) to aerodynamic performance in insect-like flapping wing micro-air-vehicle (MAV) is studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It is shown that the effect of angle of attack in transtlation, flapping amplitude and frequency on aerodynamic performance of the wing is significantly in hovering; adverse changing the angle of attack affects great on average drag and can generate drag or thrust for backward or forward flight; increasing the airfoil thickness may decrease the aerodynamic forces and increasing aspect ratio enhances aerodynamic forces but they have little influence on average drag; the effect of the rotation axis position dosen't exceed 5%; forward and upward flght in 1m/s velocity could change the aerodynamic forces which is resulted from the change of effective angle of attack; the average of aerodynamic force changes little in forward flight while the average lift decreases and the average drag almost remain unchanged in upward flight. Based on the design requirements for MAV, under a certain size range, the larger angle of attack, flapping amplitude and frequency, thinner airfoil with greater aspect ratio can generate greater lift keeping hovering. Adverse changing the angle of attack in upstroke and downstroke can control flight direction in upward or backward; changing the average lift can make MAV flight in vertical direction. What's more, lateral control can be operated by using different parameters in two wings
Keywords: Computational Fluid Dynamics MAV flapping wing aerodynamic performance
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