V-ATP酶的结构、功能及其活性的调控
首发时间:2012-02-23
摘要:V-ATP酶是一种普遍存在于真核生物的内膜系统、原核生物的细胞质膜和高级真核生物特殊组织细胞的细胞质膜中靠水解ATP来转移质子的多亚基蛋白质大分子。以酵母为例,这种酶由两大结构功能部分共14种亚基组成。一部分是水溶性的V1 ,主要功能是水解ATP;另一部分是嵌于膜中的V0 ,主要功能是转移质子。这两大部分由杆状结构域联接,在结构和功能上形成一个整体。V-ATP酶在主动运输、细胞内外环境的平衡和神经递质的释放等生理过程中起着重要作用。根据近年来国际上有关V-ATP酶的研究进展,系统概述了V-ATP酶的结构、功能以及其活性的调节机制。
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Structure, Function and Regulation Mechanisms of V-ATPases
Abstract:Vacuolar ATPases are large, membrane bound, multisubunit protein complexes which function in ATP hydrolysis and proton transport. V-ATPases are found in the endomembrane system of eukaryotic organisms, the plasma membrane of prokaryotes, and the plasma membrane of specialized cells in higher eukaryotes. In yeast, for example, the enzyme complex is composed of two structural and functional domains, which include 14 different subunits. The soluble V1 domain is responsible for ATP hydrolysis and composed of 8 different subunits. The other domain is membrane embedded V0, which functions in proton transport. The two domains are joined by a stalk domain, which makes them a complex with integrated structure and function. The vacuolar ATPase is involved in a variety of vital intra- and inter-cellular processes such as active transport of metabolites, cell homeostasis and neurotransmitter release. Here we summarizes the structure, function and regulation mechanisms of V-ATPases.
Keywords: V-ATPase Structure Function Mechanisms of regulation
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