Preparation and characterization of carbon spheres obtained via citric-acid-catalyzed hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose
首发时间:2012-11-23
Abstract:Well-dispersed micrometer-sized carbon spheres (CSs) were prepared by citric-acid-catalyzed hydrothermal carbonization of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The obtained carbon was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. The results showed that the shape and size of the obtained carbon material were highly dependent on the concentration of catalyst and the hydrothermal temperature. The use of citric acid as a catalyst enabled use of a lower hydrolysis temperature and promoted MCC dehydration. The obtained carbon was rich in oxygen-containing functional groups (C6H5-C=O, C=O, -COOR, and O=C-O) on the surface. The formation of the CSs followed the path hydrolysis, dehydration, polymerization, and aromatization.
keywords: Chemistry Microcrystalline cellulose Citric acid Hydrothermal carbonization Carbon spheres
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