红豆草病害研究进展
首发时间:2014-02-01
摘要:病害是红豆草(Onobrychis viciaefolia)生产的限制因素之一,目前共有32种,其中主要为菌物病害(27种),另外还有细菌病害(2种)、病毒病(1种)、线虫病(2种)。就每个国家发生的病害数而言,中国有24种、英国9种、伊朗5种、土耳其3种、加拿大2种、美国1种、前苏联和德国均1种。在这些菌物病害中,仅在英国、伊朗、土耳其等国外发生的有白粉病(Erysiphe trifolii)、格孢腔环斑病(Pleospora herbarum)和疫霉根腐病(Phytophthora citricola, P. cryptogea, P. megasperma)等3种,仅在我国发生的菌物病害有尾孢叶斑(Cercospora sp.)、刺盘孢炭疽病(Colletotrichum truncatum)、丝囊霉根腐病(Aphanomyces euteiches)等13种,其病原共36种,其中72%为子囊菌门;21种危害茎叶病害,5种危害根病,1种系统危害全株。在我国发生的菌物病害中,甘肃发生的种类最多,有20种,其次新疆9种、内蒙古5种,其他省区发生数更少。在细菌、病毒和线虫病害中,除细菌性茎疫病(Pseudomonas syingae)在我国有发现之外,其余均发生于国外。国内外对于其白粉病、锈病(Uromyces onobrychis)和黑腐病(Alternaria tenuis)等常发性茎叶病害的危害程度、发生规律和防治等方面得到不同程度的研究,但对根病、系统性病害和其他茎叶病研究较少,今后有必要更多关注影响我国红豆草生长的数种最主要病害,在病原准确鉴定的基础上加强病害监测和发生规律研究,并制定出切实可行的防治策略。
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Progress in research on disease of Onobrychis viciaefolia
Abstract:Diseases is one of the limiting factors for the production of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia). By the end of 2011, there were 32 diseases on the legume forage in the world, including 27 fungal diseases, 2 bacterial diseases, 1 virus disease and 2 nematode diseases. For fungal disease number in each country, there were 24 in China, 9 in British, 5 in Iran, 3 in Turkey, 2 in Canada, 1 in both of Soviet Union and Germany. Among these diseases, 13 diseases such as leaf spot (Cercospora sp.), anthracnose (Colletotrichum truncatum), root rot (Aphanomyces euteiches) only occurred in China, whereas, 3 diseases such as powdery mildew (Erysiphe trifolii), ring spot (Pleospora herbarum), root rot (Phytophthora citricola, P. cryptogea, P. megasperma) only occurred abroad. In total, there were 36 fungal pathogenic species on the plant, in which 72% were placed in Ascomycota. For plant damaged tissues, 21 attacked leaves and stems, 5 in root systems, and 1 systematic infection. In China, there were 20 distributed in Gansu, 9 in Xinjiang, 5 in Inner Mongolia, fewer in other provinces. These bacteria, virus and nematode diseases occurred in abroad except stem epidemic disease (Pseudomonas syingae). Up to now, the loss, life cycle and management of some frequently occurred stem-leaf diseases such as powdery mildew, rust (Uromyces onobrychis), black rot (Alternaria tenuis) were studied at different levels. However, few have been studied on most of stem-leaf diseases, root disease and systematic diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on several important diseases, followed by frequently survey the dynamics and clearly determine their occurrence, and accurate identification for their causal agents. The aim is to propose effective management strategies for farmers.
Keywords: Onobrychis viciaefolia disease loss occurrence management
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No.4583942948656139****
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