高温下水稻穗部水分含量变化特征及其与产量形成的关系
首发时间:2014-10-31
摘要:全球气候变暖导致气温升高,给水稻生产带来重大影响。抽穗开花期是水稻生长对高温胁迫比较敏感的时期之一。本研究以两个耐高温品种(N22、汕优63),两个高温敏感品种(两优培九、IR64)为材料,通过盆栽实验,在白天、夜间、全天高温下,研究抽穗扬花期高温处理下水稻穗部水分含量变化特征及其与产量形成的关系。研究结果表明,抽穗扬花期高温处理导致水稻产量、结实率和千粒重显著下降。产量、结实率与环境温度呈显著负相关关系,产量分别与抽穗扬花期穗和叶片温度、叶片含水量呈负相关关系。穗温和叶温分别与叶片、颖花和花药含水量呈现负相关,表明高温下水稻器官高的含水量有利于降低穗温,从而缓解高温对产量形成的不利影响。产量、结实率分别与花药含水量呈正相关关系,这表明高温下高的花药含水量和高的叶片含水量可能有利于降低穗温,从而有利于结实率和产量形成。
关键词: 水稻 高温 抽穗扬花期 穗温 叶温 水分含量 产量
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The changes in panicle water content and its relationship with grain yield formation in rice under high temperature
Abstract:Global warming leads to a rise in ambient temperature, which has substantial effects on rice production. Rice plants are sensitive to heat stress at flowering stage. In a pot experiment, two high temperature resistant varieties(Shanyou 63 and N22) and two high temperature sensitive varieties (Liangyou pei 9 and IR64) were used. Under the three temperature treatments (high daytime temperature, high nighttime temperature, and high full-day temperature) at flowering stage, effects of high temperature on panicle water content, and relationships of water content with panicle temperature and grain yield formation were investigated. The results showed that high temperature during the flowering stage led to significant decreases in grain yield, seed setting percentage, and grain weight. Grain yield and seed setting percentage were negatively correlated with the ambient temperature. In addition, grain yield showed negative correlations with panicle and leaf temperatures, and with leaf water content at flowering stage. Correlation analysis revealed that panicle and leaf temperatures were negatively correlated with the leaf, spikelet and anther water contents, respectively, indicating that high water content may decrease panicle temperature, and further alleviate the adverse effects of high temperature on yield formation. On the other hand, grain yield and seed setting percentage were positively correlation with anther water content.Our results suggest that high leaf and anther water content are advantageous to a decrease in panicle temperature, which is conducive to seed setting percentage and yield formation.
Keywords: Rice High temperature Flowering stage Panicle and leaf temperature Water content Grain yield
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