新疆额尔齐斯河下游斑布蚋生活史及季节消长规律研究
首发时间:2015-06-04
摘要:目的 明确新疆额尔齐斯河下游185团斑布蚋Simulium maculatum的生态学基础信息,包括生活史和季节性种群消长规律,为探索其预测预报和综合防治技术提供科学依据。方法 于2013年在额尔齐斯河下游185团地区对斑布蚋的基础生物学进行研究,定期观察记录孳生地中幼虫的生长发育进度及3种不同生境成虫的虫口密度,明确其生活史和季节消长规律。结果斑布蚋以幼虫在河渠污泥中越冬,翌年4月份开始转移至河渠中杂草及漂浮物背面开始活动。成虫发生量大且集中在7月份,其后各世代重叠严重。6月上旬至7月中旬为第一代成虫发生期,7月上旬至8月下旬为第二代成虫发生期。10月上旬气温大幅度下降,幼虫开始越冬。结论 斑布蚋在185团地区一年发生3代,7月份是斑布蚋成虫的活动高峰期,虽在不同生境中密度有所差别,但消长规律与高峰时间相似,危害均十分严重。
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Seasonal dynamics and life history of Simulium maculatum in the lower Irtysh River in Xinjiang
Abstract:Objective This study aiming at clarifying the life history and season variation of Simulium maculatum at 185 regiment in the lower Irtysh River in Xinjiang province and providing a scientific basis for the comprehensive prevention and control technology. Method The basic biology was investigated at 185 regiment in 2013, the lower reach of Irtysh area in Xinjiang, analyze the larvae development stages in breed sites, amounts in three kinds of surroundings and clarify the life history and season dynamics. Result There are three generations of Simulium maculatum at 185 regiment one year. The larvae overwinter by hiding in the river sluge, then move to weeds and river floats in later April of next year. Adult occurs with large numbers and concentrates relatively in mid-July, the later generations were overlapping seriously. From early June to middle July for the first generations of adult occurrence period and middle July to late August for the second generations of adult occurrence period. The larvae began to overwinter with the temperature decerease from early October. Conclusion The density of Simulium maculatum was very high and its damage was also very serious in July, though the amounts differ in three kinds of surroundings, but the season variation was similar.
Keywords: Simulium maculatum life history season variation lower reach of Irtysh
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