服务企业外商直接投资对企业生产率的影响研究
首发时间:2016-05-13
摘要:在全球产业结构由"工业型经济"向"服务型经济"转变和中国加大开放服务业的背景下,本文利用大样本微观企业层面数据,结合企业异质性理论对服务业外商直接投资(FDI)对企业生产率的影响及其机制进行了探讨。实证结果发现,外资通过学习效应和正向竞争效应显著促进企业生产率的提高。进一步按外资来源异质性细分发现:港澳台外资(来自于香港、澳门和台湾的外商直接投资)通过学习效应和正向竞争效应促进了企业生产率的提高,但是其促进作用机制主要在于正向竞争效应;西方外资(包括来自于美国、日本和欧洲等国家或地区的外商直接投资)通过学习效应对企业生产率促进作用大于港澳台外资,但是由于目前内资企业吸收能力尚不足,其同时会对企业产生一定的负向竞争效应。可见,中国企业自身竞争能力仍是中国深化对外开放的基石。我们在扩大服务业对外开放、引导外资更多投向现代服务业领域的过程中,要结合国内行业竞争程度,采取由港澳台外资向西方外资的逐步开放政策。本文为中国服务业企业FDI对企业生产率的影响及其机制提供了来自微观企业层面的证据,并结合企业异质性理论拓展了服务业FDI的理论研究边界。
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The effects of foreign direct investment on firms' productivity in service industry
Abstract:In the context of transformation from "industrial economy" to "service economy" and the open policy for service industry, we tend to investigate the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on firms' productivity in service industry by using the economic census database in 2008. The empirical results showed that, FDI significantly promoted the firms' productivity through learning and competitive effects. From the angle of different resources of FDI, the results showed that the Hong-Kong, Macao and Taiwan foreign capital improved the firm's performance mainly by competitive effect while the Western capital mainly by learning effect, indicating the important role of the competitiveness of domestic firms. Thus, it is critical to take the industry competition into consideration in the opening process and to introduce foreign investment gradually from the Hong-Kong, Macao and Taiwan foreign capital to the Western capital.
Keywords: international trade service industry foreign direct investment productivity
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