<哺乳动物DNA去甲基化通路的研究进展>
首发时间:2016-05-13
摘要:遗传DNA甲基化对基因的稳定性、转录产生深远的影响, 其参与了基因印迹、X染色体失活、转座子的沉默及细胞稳定性的维持等生物学过程。5 -甲基胞嘧啶,被称为生物体的第五个碱基,是一个重要的相对稳定的表观遗传标记。DNA去甲基化已经在不同的生物背景中观察到的,主要有主动和被动两种方式。被动DNA去甲基化已被大多数人理解和接受,但主动DNA去甲基化的证据以及它是如何发生一直备受争议,因为涉及主动DNA去甲基化的酶和途径并不清楚。最近报道了一系列关于主动DNA去甲基化机制的发现,这大大提升我们对主动DNA去甲基化的理解。本文将回顾这些重大发现,就目前报道的DNA去甲基化机制的研究进展进行综述。?????
关键词: 分子遗传学 DNA去甲基化 5hmC TET AID
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Abstract:DNA methylation has a profound impact on genomic stability, transcription and development. It has been implicated in many biological process, including genomic imprinting, X chromosome inactivation, suppression of transposable elements, the establishment and maintenance of stable cellular identities. 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), identified as the fifth nucleobase, is considered as a crucial and relatively stable epigenetic mark. DNA demethylation has been observed in different biological contexts and this alteration can take place actively or passively. Although passive DNA demethylation is generally understood and accepted, the evidence for active DNA demethylation and how it occurs has been controversial, due to the enzymes and pathways implicated in demethylation are not clear. Recently, a series of discoveries about active DNA demethylation has been reported, and thereby greatly advance our understanding of its molecular mechanism. In this review, we focus on these significant discoveries that now identify enzymes capable of mediating DNA demethylation and the likely active DNA demethylation pathways in mammalian cells.
Keywords: Molecular Genetics DNA demethylation 5hmC TET AID
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No.4687004935484146****
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