The New Trend in Children's Fairness Development Research: Outcome-based and Intention-based Fairness Preference

• 1、Psychology School, Liaoning Normal University 116029

Abstract：IBased on the principle of fairness, people take into consideration information on outcomes and intentions to form their fairness preferences. Researchers have studied fairness preferences along these two dimensions outcomes and intentions. However, models on fairness preferences only include either outcomes (i.e.,inequity aversion) or intentions, but not both of them. However, the formal theory of reciprocity by Falk that combines fairness outcomes with fairness intentions and includes six sets of combination. Recently, researchers employed various paradigms to study fairness on children based on outcomes or intentions, although they didn't integrate these two dimensions. Paradigms in this literature include the traditional dictator game, the traditional ultimatum game and their variations. The paradigms could preferably ensure the effect of outcomes or intentions. The developmental studies on children' fairness preference also included outcomes and intentions. The studies about fairness outcomes show that 8-year-old children made equal distribution and rejected advantageous distribution. On the other hand, studies about fairness intentions show that fairness intention appeared during adolescence. Future work can explore children's fairness by combining fairness outcomes and fairness intentions and examine whether the theory of reciprocity applies to children. Researchers can further investigate the underlying brain mechanisms and functions that support children's fairness preference.

Keywords： children fairness preference outcomes intentions development