Interannual variation of the low-level atmospheric eddy kinetic energy over the South China Sea and its relationship with the tropical cyclone formation number
首发时间:2018-02-26
Abstract:Eddy kinetic energy (EKE) is one key dynamic parameter to characterize atmospheric circulations and synoptic-scale disturbance activities. Investigation of the distribution and variability of atmospheric EKE and related energy conversion components over the South China Sea (SCS) can help us to better understand the dynamics of the SCS monsoon and tropical cyclone (TC) formation in this region. We present our investigation on the interannual variations of low-level (850-hPa) atmospheric EKE over the SCS in this study. Both northern and southern SCS experienced prominent interannual variation in the 850-hPa EKE during their most active EKE months. The energy processes for generation and maintenance of the EKE were analyzed based on the EKE tendency equation. Results suggested that the barotropic energy conversion (BEC) term made the largest contribution to the interannual variation of the EKE over both northern and southern SCS. The interannual variation of the BEC over the southern SCS was mainly modulated by the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and had a close anti-correlated relationship with the sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern equatorial Pacific. In contrast, the interannual variation of the BEC over the northern SCS was identified to be closely associated with the zonal SST gradient between the central equatorial Pacific and northern Indian Ocean. The atmospheric circulation anomalies in responses to SST anomalies enhanced the zonal wind shear over the SCS, giving rise to more BEC. The interannual variation of the BEC over the southern SCS was positively correlated with the TC formation number, with more (less) TCs formed during enhanced (suppressed) BEC years. However, the correlation between the BEC and TC formation number over the northern SCS was not significant, which may be due to the offsetting effects on TC formation by the cooling (warming) of the local SST during enhanced (suppressed) BEC years. These results could improve our understanding of the behaviors and causes of interannual variation in the low-level atmospheric EKE and its relationship with interannual variation of the TC formation number over the SCS. The results highlighted the differences in the regional climate variability between the northern SCS and the southern SCS. ?????
keywords: South China Sea regional climate interannual variation atmopsheric eddy kinrtic energy tropical cyclone genesis barotropical energy conversion
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南海低层大气涡动动能的年际变化及其与热带气旋生成数量的关系
摘要:大气涡动动能(EKE)是表征大气环流和天气尺度扰动活动特征的一个重要的动力参量。研究南海海域低层大气EKE的空间分布与能量转化可以帮助我们理解南海季风和台风活动的变异规律。论文分析了南海海域低层大气EKE的年际变化特征,结果表明南海北部和南部南部区域的大气低层EKE均呈现出显著的年际变化。利用EKE方程对能量的源汇项进行计算和分析,结果显示正压能量转化项是影响南海北部和南部大气低层EKE年际变化的最大贡献项。南海南部的正压能量转化项的年际变化主要受到厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)的调控,与赤道东太平洋海表面温度(SST)呈现出显著的反相关关系。南海北部的大气低层EKE的年际变化与赤道中太平洋和北印度洋之间的SST梯度密切相关。SST异常引起的大气环流异常可以增强南海海域的经向风水平剪切,从而可以产生更强的正压能量转化。南海南部的大气正压能量转化项的年际变化与热带气旋的生成数量呈现显著的正相关关系,正压能量转化项显著增强(减弱)的年份可以产生更多(更少)的热带气旋。然而,南海北部的大气正压能量转化项的年际变化与热带气旋的生成数量的相关关系不显著,这可能与南海北部局地SST的影响有关。南海北部大气低层正压能量转化项显著增强(减弱)的年份可以引起南海北部局地SST的冷却(增暖),因此大气低层正压能量转化项与南海北部局地SST对热带气旋生成数量具有相反的影响,从而导致南海北部的大气正压能量转化项的年际变化与热带气旋生成数量之间的相关关系不显著。研究结果表明南海北部与南海南部的区域气候具有不同的年际变化特征。 ?????
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