福州市不同功能区道路灰尘重金属污染特征
首发时间:2018-05-14
摘要:采集福州市商业区、住宅区、工业区、文教区4个功能区内的道路灰尘样品,统计各功能区道路车流量,测定道路灰尘重金属含量(Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd),分析车流量大小与重金属分布的关系,采用内梅罗综合污染指数评价其污染状况,并利用Pearson相关系数分析福州市道路灰尘重金属的主要来源。结果表明:福州市不同功能区道路灰尘重金属中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd 的含量分别是福建省土壤环境背景值的2.6、2.1、2.8、3.0、1.8 、8.0倍,达到一定的累积水平。各功能区道路灰尘重金属含量表现出较大差异,总体表现为工业区 >住宅区>商业区>文教区,与车流量表现(商业区>住宅区>工业区>文教区)并不一致,人为活动强度及干扰程度不同是造成各功能区重金属分布特征的主要原因。所有功能区内Cd 污染程度最高,达到重度污染水平,重金属单一污染指数大小排序为:Cd > Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni>Pb。不同功区各重金属综合污染程度表现为:工业区>商业区>住宅区>文教区,均达到重度污染水平。福州市不同功能区道路灰尘重金属主要来源为工业排放和生活垃圾的不合理处置,交通排放的贡献不大。
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Heavy metal pollution in road dusts from different functional zones of Fuzhou City
Abstract:The Samples of road dusts taken from different functional zones (industrial district, business district, residential district and culture and education district ) in Fuzhou City were collected, calculated the traffic volume of roads in each functional zones, measured the concentration of heavy metals, analyzed the relationship between traffic volume and the distribution of heavy metals, and used the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method to evaluated the heavy metal pollution status, applied Pearson correlation coefficient to analyze the main sources of heavy metals of road dusts in Fuzhou. The result showed that the concentration of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd in road dusts from different functional zones of Fuzhou City were respectively 2.6, 2.1, 2.8, 3.0, 1.8, 8.0 times of soil background values in Fujian, reached a certaincumulative level. Heavy metal concentrations varied greatly in different functional zones, with an order of industrial district> residential district> business district> culture and education district, which was inconsistent with traffic flow performance (business district> residential district> industrial district> cultural and educational district), the different intensity of human activities and the degree of interference were the major causes of the distribution of heavy metals in various functional zones. The Cd pollution degree was the highest in all functional zones and reached the heavy pollution, the order of the single pollution index for each heavy metal was: Cd>Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni> Pb.The comprehensive pollution of heavy metals were as follows: industrial district> business district> residential district> cultural and educational district, all reached heavy pollution levels. The main sources of heavy metals in road dusts taken from different functional zones of Fuzhou City were industrial discharges and unreasonable disposal of domestic garbage, the contribution of traffic emissions was not significant.
Keywords: heavy metal road dusts traffic volume main sources
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