玉米种皮厚度、子粒脱水速率与子粒吸水部位研究
首发时间:2018-07-18
摘要:为研究玉米子粒的吸水途径,以5个玉米杂交种(粒收1号、郑单958、创玉107、新单68和利单618)为材料,研究了在3个(6万株/hm2、7.5万株/ hm2和9万株/ hm2)密度下子粒灌浆期的脱水速率;利用扫描电镜对子粒不同部位种皮厚度进行了观测,并分析了子粒的脱水速率和其胚面种皮厚度的相关性。采用两种方式处理粒收1号的干子粒(只阻断部分区域和只许可部分区域吸水),阻断子粒不同部位的吸水通道,以未处理的子粒为对照,测定了处理后子粒的吸水情况。结果表明:随着密度的增大,各品种子粒的种皮厚度均有减小的趋势;在同一密度下,子粒胚面种皮厚度有小于其侧面和背面的趋势,且胚面种皮厚度越大,子粒的脱水速率越小;种皮厚度对子粒自乳熟到收获阶段的脱水速率影响较大。吸水试验表明,只许可部分区域吸水的处理,子粒尖冠占CK吸水量比率最大,其次是胚面和背面,子粒冠部占CK吸水量比率最小。只阻断部分部位吸水的处理表明,子粒尖冠吸水的处理占CK吸水量的比率最小,其次是胚面和背面,子粒冠部吸水的处理占CK吸水量的比率最大。本研究明确了密度对种皮厚度的影响及种皮厚度与子粒脱水速率的关系,并得出了子粒吸水的主要部位。研究结果对宜机收玉米的品种选育和子粒脱水研究具有指导意义。
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Studies on maize kernel pericarp thickness、kernel dehydration rate and water-absorbing positions
Abstract: In order to study the water-absorbing pathway of maize kernels, Lishou 1, Zhengdan 958, Chuangyu 107, Xindan 68 and Lidan 618 were selected to test the kernel dehydration rate during grain filling period and the pericarp thickness of kernels in 3 densities (60000 plants/ha, 75000 plants/ha, 90000 plants/ha) by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and to analyze the correlation of kernel dehydration rate and pericarp thickness; at the same time, to measure the kernels water absorption, the dry kernels of Lishou 1 were treated by 2 methods: only some positions of kernels were blocked, only some positions were permitted to absorb water and untreated kernels were used as a control. The results showed that with the increase of density, the kernel pericarp thickness of different varieties gradually decreased; the pericarp thickness on the embryonic surface was thinner than that on the side and dorsal surface in the same density; it has a great influence on kernel dehydration rate at the period of milk-ripe to harvest. The treatment of only blocking some positions of kernel indicated that the water absorption ratio of pedicel was the largest, followed by embryonic surface and dorsal surface, and crown was the smallest. The treatment of only permitting some positions of the kernel to absorb water indicated that the water absorption ratio of pedicel was the smallest, followed by embryonic and dorsal surface, and crown was the largest. This study clarified the effect of density on pericarp thickness of kernel and the correlation of kernel dehydration rate and pericarp thickness, and derived the main position of the kernel for absorbing water. This study is of guiding significance for screening maize varieties suiting for grain mechanical harvest and grains dehydration.
Keywords: Maize Pericarp thickness Dehydration rate Kernel water absorption Density
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