用惠更斯原理研究瑞利散射
首发时间:2018-11-07
摘要:光散射是光和粒子相互作用的形式之一,散射分为弹性散射和非弹性散射。对于弹性散射,按散射颗粒的大小又分为瑞利散射和米氏散射,当散射粒子尺寸远小于光波长时为瑞利散射。在经典理论中,采用电偶极矩辐射模型解释瑞利散射。本文用惠更斯原理研究了瑞利散射现象,首先分析了散射粒子对入射光位相的影响,推导了散射粒子的透过率函数,又根据瑞利散射条件,得到散射粒子的透过率函数近似表达式,并结合惠更斯原理,得出散射光强与粒子体积成正比、与入射光波长四次方成反比。表明用惠更斯原理研究散射的物理过程直观,所得结果与实际相符。
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Studying Rayleigh Scattering by Huygens Principle
Abstract:Light scattering is one of the forms in which light and particles interact, scattering is divided into elastic scattering and inelastic scattering. For elastic scattering, Rayleigh scattering and Mie scattering are further divided according to the size of the scattering particles, Rayleigh scattering is used when the scattering particle size is much smaller than the wavelength of the light. In classical theory, the Rayleigh scattering is explained by an electric dipole moment radiation model. In this paper, the Rayleigh scattering phenomenon is studied by Huygens principle. Firstly, the influence of scattering particles on the incident light phase is analyzed. The transmittance function of the scattering particles is derived. According to Rayleigh scattering conditions, the transmittance function of the scattering particles is obtained. Approximate expression, combined with the Huygens principle, shows that the scattered light intensity is proportional to the particle volume and inversely proportional to the fourth wavelength of the incident light. It shows that the physical process of scattering is studied intuitively by Huygens principle, and the obtained results are consistent with the actual results.
Keywords: Huygens principle Light scattering Rayleigh scattering Scattering loss
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