中亚热带常绿阔叶林天然更新对凋落物量和碳归还量的影响
首发时间:2018-11-15
摘要:森林凋落物中亚热带常绿阔叶林天然更新对凋落物量和碳归还量的影响中亚热带常绿阔叶林天然更新对凋落物量和碳归还量的影响是森林生态系统中最重要的养分库和碳库之一,凋落物的归还是养分在植物与土壤之间循环的一个重要过程。天然更新形成的次生林被认为是实现林地可持续经营和森林生态功能恢复的较好选择,探讨中亚热带天然林转换成次生林和人工林后凋落物组成、数量和碳归还量的差异具有重要意义。同时监测不同森林类型凋落物的数量、组成与质量差异也有助于厘清不同森林类型碳循环差异的机理。本研究于2013年1月-2015年12月,在福建三明地区比较了米槠天然林、米槠次生林、杉木人工林和马尾松人工林凋落物量和碳归还量的差异。结果表明:1)四种林分类型的年均凋落物量大小顺序为米槠天然林(8899.1kg.hm-2oa-1)>米槠次生林(6992.3kg.hm-2oa-1)>马尾松人工林(6189.8kg.hm-2oa-1)>杉木人工林(5306.9 kg.hm-2oa-1)。2)不同林分的凋落物均以落叶为主,米槠天然林和米槠次生林的凋落叶占总凋落量的59.69%和67.09%,米槠天然林的凋落量每年在3-4月份出现一次峰值,其凋落量和碳归还量最大。杉木林分别在每年的3-4月、7月和12月左右出现三次高峰值,马尾松凋落物量的变化呈现双峰型,在每年的4月和7月出现高峰。3)米槠次生林的凋落物总量与碳归还总量显著高于两种人工林,碳归还量分别高于两种人工林7.68%,6.37%。凋落物总量分别高于马尾松和杉木11.47%,24.1%,与米槠天然林相近,具有较好的自我培肥地力的能力,对土壤地力恢复具有促进作用。天然更新次生林在凋落物数量和组成质量上均优于人工林,表明次生林较人工林在维持地力方面具有更好的作用。所以应大力保护常绿阔叶天然林,与此同时竭力促进天然更新次生林资源和谐有序发展。
关键词: 森林转换 天然林 次生林 人工林 凋落物 碳归还量
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Effects of the natural regeneration on litter amount and carbon return in evergreen broad-leaved forests in the middle subtropics
Abstract: Litterfall plays an important role in nutrient and carbon cycle in forest ecosystems. Naturally regenerated secondary forest has been certificated an useful forest management in forest management. However, there are still few studies in comparing differences among litterfall amounts and composition after natural forest converted to naturally regenerated secondary forest and tree plantations in subtropical forest. In this study, we studied dynamics of litter production and carbon return from nature forest of Castanopsis carlesii (NF),naturally regenerated secondary forest(SF) Chinese fir tree plantation ( Cunninghamia lanceolate) (CF), Pinus massoniana (PM) tree plantation for three years (from 2013-2015) in Sanming, Fujian Province. The results are as follows: 1) Annual litterfall production of four types of stands was NF(8899.1kg.hm-2oa-1) >SF (6992.3kg.hm-2oa-1) > PM (6189.8kg.hm-2oa-1) > CF (5306.9 kg.hm-2oa-1). 2) Leaf was the major components in all four forest, which accounted 67.09% and 59.69% in SF and NF, respectively. The peak of litterfall happened between March-April in both natural forest and secondary forest. Chinese fir plantation had three peaks in March-April, July and December, respectively. The variation of the litterfall of Pinus massoniana showed a bimodal pattern and peaks in April and July of each year. Total production of litterfall and carbon return of naturally regenerated secondary forest were significantly higher than both of two tree plantations, and the amount of carbon return was higher than that of the two tree plantations by 7.68% and 6.37% respectively. Naturally regenerated secondary forest had similar litterfall production with natural forest, however, the production of litterfall and carbon return in naturally regenerated secondary forest was higher than that of Pinus massoniana and Chinese fir plantation by 11.47% and 24.1%, respectively. The natural regeneration secondary forest is superior to tree plantations in both the litter amount and composition quality, which indicates that the naturally regenerated secondary forest has a better function in maintaining soil fertility than the tree plantations.
Keywords: forest conversion natural forest secondary forest plantation litter carbon return
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