Separable Robust Reversible Watermarking in Encrypted 2D Vector Graphics
首发时间:2019-05-05
Abstract:With the popular use of cloud computing, much attention has been paid to reversible watermarking in encryption domain. However, most existing algorithms are designed for redundant carriers, and they are difficult to resist common attacks. Furthermore, watermark can only be extracted in the plaintext domain or the ciphertext domain. In this paper, a separable robust reversible watermarking in encrypted 2D vector graphics is proposed. Firstly, a content owner uses an encryption key to scramble the polar angle of the vertices to encrypt the graphics in the polar coordinate system. After that, a watermark embedder maps the encoded watermark bits to different vertices under the control of an embedded key and a hash function, and then the polar angle of the vertex is slightly adjusted to embed a watermark. Since the decryption operation does not affect the embedded watermark, the watermark can be extracted both in the plaintext and ciphertext domain. Experimental results and analysis show that the proposed algorithm can achieve good invisibility, and it can effectively resist common operations (such as rotation, translation, scaling (RST)and entity reordering) and malicious attacks (such as the addition and deletion of vertices or entities).
keywords: Data security Reversible watermarking in encrypted domain Robust reversible watermark 2D vector graphics
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可分离的二维矢量图加密域鲁棒可逆水印
摘要:随着云制造技术的兴起,加密域可逆水印技术逐渐受到了较多的关注。然而,现有的大部分算法不仅只能应用于冗余性较大的载体,而且难以抵御常见的攻击,甚至只能在单一的域中提取水印。为此,本文针对冗余性较小的二维矢量图提出了一种可完全分离的二维矢量图加密域鲁棒可逆水印算法。首先,内容拥有者在极坐标系下利用加密密钥置乱顶点的极角以加密图形。随后,水印嵌入者在嵌入密钥以及哈希函数的控制下,把编码后的水印比特映射到不同顶点,再轻微调整顶点极角从而嵌入水印。由于解密操作不会影响已嵌入的水印,算法可以分别在明文域或密文域提取水印。实验结果与分析表明,算法不仅具有较好的不可见性,而且能有效抵御旋转、平移、缩放(RST)、实体重排序等常见的操作,甚至还能抵御顶点或实体的增加、删除等恶意攻击。
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