不同温度和食物浓度对大型蚤生存和繁殖策略的影响
首发时间:2019-06-10
摘要:在不同的环境条件下,生物为了最大限度地提高自身的适合度形成了一系列生存和繁殖对策,探讨不同环境条件对生物生存和繁殖的影响可以了解生物应对不同环境的机制。本实验以大型蚤为实验材料,设置7个温度和3个食物浓度梯度,探究大型蚤在不同温度和食物浓度条件下的生存和繁殖策略,结果如下:1、随着温度的增加,大型蚤的平均寿命、孤雌生殖量、休眠卵数量都呈现先增加后降低趋势。温度为20℃时,大型蚤的平均寿命最长,休眠卵数量最多,且10~20℃时的大型蚤寿命高于25~45℃时的寿命;温度为25℃时,大型蚤孤雌生殖量最多,B/P值由高到低依次是10℃>20℃>15℃>25℃>30℃=40℃。2、随着食物浓度的增加,大型蚤的平均寿命、孤雌生殖量、休眠卵数量都增加。当食物浓度为50 ml/100 ml时,大型蚤的平均寿命最长,休眠卵数量最多,大型蚤孤雌生殖量也最多,B/P值均为50>10>1 ml/100ml。结果表明:适宜的环境(温度较低,食物浓度充足)对大型蚤生存有利,繁殖倾向于两性繁殖;环境恶劣(温度较高,食物资源匮乏)时,在维持生存的前提下,繁殖倾向于孤雌生殖。
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Effects of different temperatures and food concentrations on survival and reproduction strategies of Daphnia magna straus
Abstract: In the different environmental conditions , organisms have formed a series of survival and reproduction strategies to maximize their fitness, Exploring the effects of different environmental conditions on the survival and reproduction of organisms can understand the mechanisms of organisms responding to different environments.In this experiment, Daphnia magna straus was used as experimental material, and seven temperature and three food concentrations gradients were set to explore the survival and reproduction strategies of D.magna under different temperature and food concentrations,the results were shown as following: 1、With the increase of temperature, the average life span, the amount of parthenogenesis, the number of dormant eggs were increased first and then decreased,at the temperature of 20 ℃, the average life span of D.magna was the longest, the number of dormant eggs was the largest, the maximum amount of D.magna parthenogenesis appeared at 25℃, B/P value from high to low was 10℃>20℃>15℃> 25℃>30℃=40℃.2、With the increase of food concentration, the average life span, the amount of parthenogenesis and the number of dormant eggs of D.magna increased, when the food concentration was 50 ml/100 ml, the average life span of D.magna was the longest, the number of dormant eggs was the highest, the amount of D.magna parthenogenesis was the most, and the B/P value was 50>10>1ml/100ml. To sum up, When the environment was suitable (low temperature, adequate food resources), it was beneficial to the survival of D.magna, reproduction tended to be bisexual reproduction, while the environment was harsh (high temperature, food resources lacked), under the premise of survival ,reproduction tended to be parthenogenesis.
Keywords: Daphnia magna straus environmental factor survival reproductive strategy
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