嵌段共聚物在纳米医学中的应用
首发时间:2020-03-24
摘要:自组装嵌段聚合物胶束是一种富有应用前景的纳米载体系统,能够控制药物在体内的分布和功能,进而有效地克服生物屏障。目前,抗肿瘤药物的胶束制剂已在临床前和临床试验中得到了深入研究及验证。与长循环脂质体相比,聚合物胶束不仅具有药物控释能力、组织增透能力、良好的生物相容性、低毒性等优点,还可以通过调节嵌段共聚物的结构和理化性质进而调节聚合物胶束的粒径、稳定性、载药量和药物释放动力学等特性。此外,通过嵌段共聚物的纳米工程技术可制备集成有特定组织的靶向性或化学、物理刺激敏感性等智能功能的聚合物胶束。本文综述了通过嵌段共聚物与小分子药物、蛋白质或核酸之间的多分子相互作用制备的纳米药物的聚合胶束。并对高分子胶束作为新一代纳米药物的发展前景进行了展望,以期为下一步的技术创新提供理论参考。
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Block Copolymer Micelles in Nanomedicine Applications
Abstract:Polymeric micelles, self-assemblies of block copolymers, are promising nanocarrier systems for drug and gene delivery. Until now, several micellar formulations of antitumor drugs have been intensively studied in preclinical and clinical trials, and their utility has been demonstrated. Even compared with long-circulating liposomes, polymeric micelles might have several advantages, such as controlled drug release, tissuepenetrating ability, biocompability and reduced toxicity. Importantly, critical features of the polymeric micelles as drug carriers, including particle size, stability, and loading capacity and release kinetics of drugs, can be modulated by the structures and physicochemicalBlock Copolymer Micelles in Nanomedicine Applications properties of the constituent block copolymers. Also, nano-engineering of block copolymers might allow the preparation of polymeric micelles with integrated smart functions, such as specific-tissue targetability, as well as chemical or physical stimuli-sensitivity. This view focus on polymeric micelles formed by multi-interactions between block copolymers and small-molecule drugs, proteins and nucleic acids.Finally, the future perspectives and imminent challenges for polymeric micelles as nanomedicines are discussed, anticipating to spur further innovations.
Keywords: Nanotechnology;Polymeric micelles;Cancer targeted delivery;Drug delivery
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