In this work an experimental technique to simultaneously measure the full-field temperature and deformation of composite material subjected to flame heating at high temperature is developed using the technique of image processing. The testing stage is integrated with an oxy-propane flame torch for flame heating, a CCD camera for image recording, a synchronized blue light source for light compensation and an infrared pyrometer for temperature calibration and comparison. The principle of the synchronous measurement of temperature and deformation field is demonstrated and discussed. Experiment on carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) composite was conducted to validate this method. The temperature was calculated using an improved two-color method while the displacement field and strain field were calculated using the digital image processing method. Results show that the proposed method is applicable for synchronous measurement of temperature and displacement by using one camera, and the mutual interference between the radiation and reflected light can also be effectively eliminated.