Objective: To study transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) autoproduetfan in keloid fibrobLasts and the regulatian effect of blocking TGF-β intracellular signaling on rhTGF-β1 autoproduction. Methods: Keloid fibroblasts ctltured in vitro were treated with either rhTGF-β1(5ng/ml) or recombinant adenovirus containing a truncated type II TGF-β receptor gener (50 pfu/cell). Their effects of regulating gene expression of TGF-β1 and its receptor Ⅰ and Ⅱ were observed with Northern blot. Results: rhTGF-β1 up-regulated the gene expression of TGF-β1 and receptor I. but not receptor Ⅱ. Overexpression of the truncated receptor II down-regulated the gene expression of TGF-β1 and its receptor Ⅰ. but not receptor Ⅱ. Conclusions: TGF-β1 autoproductiou was observed in keloid fibroblasts. Over-expression of the truncated TGF-β receptor Ⅱ deceased TGF-β1 autoproduction via blocking TGF-β receptor signaaling.