Camera calibration is an important step in machine vision for dimensional measurement. Based on analyzing the photogrammetric calibration and self-calibration methods, a new planar way is proposed in this paper for calibrating the camera for the 2D objects. Induced some non-linear distortion factors, a fast algorithm is adopted to solve the complicated non-linear equations in calibration model. With this algorithm, a concatenation technique is used to reconstruct a 3D object from two 2D planar photos. In the second part of this paper, a calibration method using only one plane, which can be moved on some simple equipment, is deduced for 3D object dimensional measurement. Mathematic model and its transformation process are discussed in detail. This method can be used especially for profile inspection of machine parts in industrial working-field. An application to inspect the profile of train wheel is given in this paper. Experimental results are given to show the parameters of camera system and the measuring accuracy.