To study the effects of hydroxyurea and etoposide transduction of human marrkow mesenchymal and progenitor stem cells by adeno-associated virus (AAV). METHODS: Isolated human bone marrow mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (hMSCs) were cultured in DMEM containing 10% FBS or 5% FBS and dexamethasone 1umol/L respectively. After being trated with hydroxyurea dn etoposide. hMSCs which indirectly reflected the relative trnasduction efficiency of different groups, and virus DNA was isolated by Hirt extracion for Southemhybridization. RESULTS: Transduction luciferase activity and transduction efficeiency in culture treadeted with hydroxyuread and etoposide were significantly higher than that in control cultures. Diveiding cells had about 20-fold hagher transduction efficeity compared with eontrol cells. Transduction efficeiency in stratinary cells was about 50 time higher than that in control cells. Southern analysis showed that hydroxyurea and etoposide enhanced second-trand DNA synthesis by rAAV. CONCUSION: Hydroxyurea and etoposide could increase trnadsuction efficiency of hMSCs by AAV vectors and stationalry cells were more sensitive to these than dividing cells.