With the thickness of alluvium increasing, the shaft lining designed with traditional theory will not match the demand of service life of the mine. According to the numerical simulation calculations and combining with the theoretical analyses, physical analogue tests and field measurements results, the cracking process and the ultimate bearing capacity of the different shaft linings, the dynamic laws of stress and strain inside the shaft lining acted by the high horizontal soil and water pressure, gravity and the additional vertical force are studied. Then, this paper summarizes the fracture mechanism of the different shaft lining in 300~600 meters alluvium. The reasonable shaft lining structure forms which can match the service life in different thickness of alluvium are put forward. That provides the theoretical references and engineering parameters for the choice of materials and structure design of shaft lining in huge alluvium.