NiAl-based alloys and their composites reinforced with in situ formed TiC and externally added ceramic particles are fabricated by hot-pressing.Their microstructures and mechanical properties are evaluated. Comparatively, the Ti-and/or C-alloyed NiAl and the ceramic particulate reinforcedcomposites possess a significant improvement in both flexural strength fracture toughness at room temperature. Nevertheless, the NiAl-TiC-nano-Al2O3 composite has low strength, mainly due to the existence of residual porosity, inhomogeneous distribution and severe agglomeration ofnano-scaled Al2O3 particle within the NiAl matrix.