Objective: To study the effects of the recipe of supplementing Qi, nourishing Yin and activating blood circulation on the DPN patients and experimental diabetic rats, and explore the mechanism of the recipe on preventing and improving DPN in earlier period. Methods: 28 DPN patients was traated with this recipe,and the changes of their clinical symptoms and sensory nerve conductive velocity (SNCV) of peroneal nerve were observed. The diabetic rats having been induced by streptozotocin(STZ) were treated with the same recipe for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, SNCV and the activity of Na+-K+.ATPase of erythrocyte membrane were measured. Results: The DPN patients' clinical symptoms and the SNCV of peroneal nerve were improved significantly after treated with the recipe. The animal experiment showed that the SNCV and the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase of the erythrocyte membrane were significantly increased. Conclusion: This recipe could improve the clinical symptoms and increase the NCV. Its mechanism is not reducing the blood sugar but increasing the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase.