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Hydrogen peroxide is involved in high blue light-induced chloroplast avoidance movements in Arabidopsis
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2008, 59(10): 2891~2901,-0001,():
One of the most important functions of blue light (BL) is to induce chloroplast movements in order to reduce the damage to the photosynthetic machinery under excess light. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is commonly generated under various environmental stimuli, can act as a signalling molecule that regulates a number of developmental processes and stress responses. To investigate whether H2O2 is involved in high-fluence BL-induced chloroplast avoidance move-ments, a laser scanning confocal microscope and a luminescence spectrometer were used to observe H2O2 generation in situ with the assistance of the fluorescence probe dichlorofluorescein diacetate (H2DCF-DA). After treatment with high-fluence BL, an enhanced accumulation of H2O2, indicated by the fluorescence intensity of DCF, can be observed in leaf cells of Arabidopsis thaliana. Exogenously applied H2O2 promotes the high-fluence BL-induced chloro-plast movements in a concentration-dependent man-ner within the range of 0-10-4 M, not only increasing the degree of movements but also accelerating the start of migrations. Moreover, the high-fluence BL-induced H2O2 generation and the subsequent chloro-plast movements can be largely abolished by the administration of the H2O2-specific scavenger catalase and other antioxidants. In addition, in-depth subcellu-lar experiments indicated that high-fluence BL-induced H2O2 generation can be partly abolished by the addition of diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), which is an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, and the blocker of electron transport chain dichlorophenyl dimethylurea (DCMU), respectively. The results presented here suggest that high-fluence BL can induce H2O2 generation at both the plasma membrane and the chloroplast, and that the production of H2O2 is involved in high-fluence BL-induced chloroplast avoidance movements.
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