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期刊论文
Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) identification of the culturable bacterial flora on monetary coinage from seventeen currencies
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The aim of this investigation was to identify the bacterial microflora in monetary coinage from 17 countries by the employment of PCR sequenced-based molecular identification of rDNA from bacterial cultures. Silver, bronze and other alloy coins (approx. 300g) from 17 currencies were enriched individually by culturing aerobically in tryptone soya broth for 72h at 30oC. Following this, 20μl broth was inoculated onto Columbia blood agar supplemented with 5% [v/v] defibrinated horse blood for 72h at 30oC and resulting colonies were purified by further subculture, as detailed above for a further 72h. All colonies were identified by initial PCR amplification of a partial region of the 16S rRNA gene locus, which was then sequenced and the sequence aligned using the BLASTn algorithm. Twenty five isolates were obtained from the coinage, and of these, 25/25 (100%) were Gram positive and the most prevalent genus observed was Bacillus [B. megaterium, B. lentus, B. litoralis, B. subtilis, B. circulans and other Bacillus spp.] accounting for 10/25 (40%) isolates and was isolated from 10/17 (58.8%) countries. This was followed by Staphylococcus spp. [Staph. aureus, Staph. epidermidis, Staph. hominis, Staph. schleiferi], which accounted for 7/25 (28%) of isolates and was isolated from 7/17 (41.2%) countries. Given the organisms identified in this study, it is not believed that monetary coinage presents any additional risk to public health, however we support the principles of basic hygiene in terms of proper hand washing, avoidance of handling money when working with food, wounds and skin lesions. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that money from 17 countries was contaminated by environmental Gram positive flora, in particular Bacillus spp. and that universal 16S rDNA-PCR approach coupled with automated direct sequencing provides a rapid means of identifying the contaminant organisms present.
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