Objective: To compare the targeting effects of lactosaminated alginate (AlgNP)、polyethylene glycol-coated hydroxyapatite-poly-L-lysine nanoparticles (PLL-PCHNP) and relative nonlactosaminated ones loaded with exogenous gene on liver via peripheral intravenous route. Methods: Preparation of AlgNP based on control of gelification phenomenon of algiante by calcium ions and HA-PLLNP with collosol-gel method, both further modified with lactosaminated-poly-L-lysine synthesized by reductive lactosamination. We used pEGFPc1 as the reporter gene to establish receptor-mediated and positive liver targeting nanoparticles-gene model. The potential of adsorbing DNA on nanoparticles was analysed by electrophoresis and spectrophotometer. Then different complexes were transferred into the rat'S body by peripheral intravenous route and their targeting characteristics in liver were investigated by using radioisotope tracing assay. Results: PCHNP presented as needle-like particles with a diameter of 20nm by TEM and could be effectively combined with PLL．The diameter of AlgNP was 280nm．Agarose gel electrophoresis showed both nanoparticles could effectively combine with DNA and the optimal proportion of PLLPCHNP and DNA was 30:l (w/w); DNA mixed ratio of AlgPLL was 68.3%by spectrophotometer. The radioactivities in liver for the two lactosaminated nanoparticles were higher than the nonlactosaminated ones. No statistic difference between AlgNP and AlgLacNP could be found. Conclusions: Lactosaminated nanoparticles can target to liver more effectively by peripheral intravenous route than nonlactosaminated ones, which is closely concerned with the characteritics of the nanoparticle complex.