薛芳森
主要从事农林昆虫生物学和滞育的研究。
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- 姓名:薛芳森
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学术头衔:
博士生导师
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学科领域:
植物保护学
- 研究兴趣:主要从事农林昆虫生物学和滞育的研究。
薛芳森,1950年3月出生,江西农业大学昆虫学教授,博士研究生导师,中国昆虫学会理事、江西省昆虫学会理事长,昆虫学科学术带头人。1983年江西农业大学植保系昆虫专业硕士研究生毕业,1991—1992年和1996—1997留学德国萨尔大学生物系,2001留学比勒费尔德大学生物系。主要从事农林昆虫生物学和滞育的研究,在昆虫教学和研究上主要取得如下成绩:(1)首次在国内外报道了近10种重要农林害虫的生物学特性,为这些害虫的防治提供了基础资料,丰富了教学内容; (2)根据10多年对昆虫滞育(冬眠或夏眠)研究的结果,首次在国内外提出了“农业害虫分散繁殖”的新见解,进一步扩展了滞育的含义;(3)首次在国内外开展了昆虫滞育光周期钟和计数器的研究,填补了国内在这个研究领域的空白;(4)首次在国内外报道了一个较低温度诱导的夏季滞育的昆虫,打破了夏季滞育仅能由高温和长日照诱导的常规概念。在SCI源刊物上已发表论文20篇,其中有8篇发表在“Journal of Insect Physiology”上。
目前本课题组主要开展四个方面的研究:1、昆虫滞育与环境因素,主要研究光周期、温度和食料等对滞育诱导、维持和解除的影响,为害虫发生期的预测和有益昆虫的繁殖提供思路和方法;2、昆虫滞育控制的光周期时间测量机制的研究,主要研究昆虫的光周期钟(Photoperiodic clock)和计数器(Counter)的特点, 为阐明和分析昆虫光周期钟和计数器的结构和机制提供新的证据和基础资料; 3、、昆虫滞育反应的地理变异,主要研究不同地理种群滞育诱导、维持和解除对外界环境的反应及不同地理种群杂交后的滞育反应,揭示昆虫生活史和滞育进化的特点;昆虫滞育的亲代效应,主要研究亲代所经历的环境因素(如光周期、温度和食料等)和亲代自身因素(如年龄、行为、滞育和内源性因素等)对子代滞育的影响,探索亲代是如何传递滞育和非滞育信息给后代的。
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薛芳森, 华爱, 李峰, 朱杏芬
昆虫学报Acta Entomologica Sinica, June 2004, 47 (3): 354-359,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
本文报道了高温(31℃)对环带锦斑蛾幼虫滞育发生的抑制作用。当幼虫暴露于31℃时,所有个体都继续发育,与光周期无关。在诱导滞育的光周期条件(L12:D12)下,光期的高温配合不同的暗期低温(15~28℃),导致几乎所有个体滞育,但当暗期为5℃时,滞育率反而下降;相反,当光期的低温配合不同持续时间的暗期高温(31℃)时,则几乎所有的个体都继续发育,这说明高温在暗期发挥着重要的作用。在暗期给予不同时间长度(2、4、6、8、10、12 h) 的高温处理,结果表明一个2 h的高温处理就能有效地抑制滞育的发生。在暗期的不同时间给予4 h高温处理,显示了幼虫在暗期开始后的第一个4 h (18:00~22:00)对高温最敏感,完全抑制了滞育的发生。最后讨论了高温调节滞育机制在该虫生活史上的适应意义。
环带锦斑蛾, 高温, 滞育, 光周期
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薛芳森, Fangsen Xue, Hubert R. Spieth, Li Aiqing, Hua Ai
F. S. Xue et al. Journal of Insect Physiology 48 (2002) 279-286,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
The cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringi, is a short-day species undergoing an imaginal summer and winter diapause. Its photoperiodic response highly depends on temperature. All adults entered diapause at ≤20▫C regardless of photoperiods. High temperatures strongly weakened the diapause-inducing effects of long daylengths. The diapause-averting influence of short daylengths was expressed only at high temperatures (above 20▫C). This indicates that the beetle has a cryptic ability to reproduce in summer. In fact, summer and winter diapause were induced principally by relatively low temperatures in the field, whereas photoperiod had less influence on diapause induction. The critical daylength for the autumnal population was between 12 h and 13 h. By transferring from a long day to a short day or vice versa at different times after hatching, it was shown that the sensitive stage with regard to photoperiod was the larva, whereas a long day was photoperiodically more potent than a short day. The sensitive stage to temperature encompassed the larval, pupal and adult stages. This different response pattern serves to ensure that the beetle enters summer and winter diapause in time. The selections for non-diapause trait under laboratory (at 25▫C) and natural conditions (at >24▫C) showed that the beetle could lose its sensitivity to photoperiod very rapidly. ©2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Colaphellus bowringi, Summer diapause, Winter diapause, Photoperiod, Temperature
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薛芳森, Ai Hua, Dong Yang, Shaohui Wu, Fangsen Xue
A. Hua et al. Journal of Insect Physiology 51 (2005) 1261-1267,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
In the zygaenid moth, Pseudopidorus fasciata, both larval diapause induction and termination are under photoperiodic control. In this study, we investigated whether photoperiodic time measurement (with a 24-h light–dark cycle) in this moth is qualitative or quantitative. Photoperiodic response curves, at 22, 25, and 28 1C indicated that the incidence of diapause depended on whether the scotophases exceeded the critical night length (CNL) or not. All scotophases longer than the CNL-induced diapause; all scotophases shorter than the CNL-inhibited diapause. The CNL was 10.5 h at 25 and 28▫C, and 10 h at 22▫C. By transferring from various short photoperiods (LD 8:16, LD 9:15, LD 10:14, LD 11:13, LD 12:12, and LD 13:11) to a long photoperiod (LD 16:8) at different times, the number of light–dark cycles required for 50% diapause induction at 25 1C was 7.14 at LD 8:16, 7.2 at LD 9:15, 7.19 at LD 10:14, 7.16 at LD 11:13, and 7.13 at LD 12:12, without showing a significant difference between the treatments. Only at LD 13:11 (near the CNL), the number of light–dark cycles was significantly increased to 7.64. The intensity of diapause induced under different short photoperiods (LD 8:16, LD 9:15, LD 10:14, LD 11:13, and LD 12:12) at 25 1C was not significantly different with an average diapause duration of 36 days. The duration of diapause induced under LD 13:11 was significantly reduced to 32 days. All results indicate that the night-lengths are measured as either ‘‘long’’ or ‘‘short’’ compared with some critical value and suggest that photoperiodic time measurement for diapause induction in this moth is based on a qualitative principle.
Pseudopidorus fasciata, Diapause, Photoperiod, Temperature, Qualitative time measurement
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薛芳森, Ai Hua, Fang-Sen Xue, Hai-Jun Xiao, Xing-Feng Zhu
A. Hua et al. Journal of Insect Physiology 51 (2005) 1287-1294,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Induction of larval diapause is a photoperiodically controlled event in the life history of the moth Pseudopidorus fasciata. In the present study, the photoperiodic counter of diapause induction has been systematically investigated. The required day number (RDN) for a 50% response was determined by transferring from a short night (LD 16:8) to a long night (LD 12:12) or vice versa at different times after hatching, The RND differed significantly between short- and long-night cycles at different temperatures. The RDN for long-night cycles at 20, 22, 25 and 28▫C was 11.5, 9.5, 7.5 and 8.5 days, respectively. The RDN for short-night cycles was 3 days at 22▫C and 5 days at 20 1C indicating that the effect of one short night was equivalent to the effect of 2–3 long nights effect. Night-interruption experiments of 24 h photoperiods by a 1 h light pulse showed that the most crucial event for the photoperiodic time measurement in this moth was whether the length of pre-interruption (D1) or the post-interruption (D2) scotophases exceeded the critical night length (10.5 h). If D1 or D2 exceeded 10.5 h diapause was induced. The diapause-averting effect of a single short-night cycle (LD 16:8) against a background of long nights (LD 12:12) showed that the photoperiodic sensitivity was greatest during the first 7 days of the larval period and the highest sensitivity was on the fourth day. Both non-24 and 24 h light-dark cycle experiments revealed that the photoperiodic counter in P. fasciata is able to accumulate both long and short nights during the photosensitive period, but in different ways. The information from short-night cycles seems to be accumulated one by one in contrast to long-night cycles where six successive cycles were necessary for about 50% diapause induction and eight cycles for about 90% diapause. These results suggest the accumulation of long-night and short-night cycles may be based on different mechanisms.
Pseudopidorus fasciata, Photoperiodic counter, Diapause response, Required day number, Night interruption
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薛芳森, Xiaoping Wang, , Feng Ge, Fangsen Xue, Lanshao You
X. Wang et al. Journal of Insect Physiology 50 (2004) 373-381,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Photoperiodic control of diapause induction was investigated in the short-day species, Colaphellus bowringi, which enters summer and winter diapause as adult in the soil. Photoperiodic responses at 25 and 28▫C revealed a critical night length between 10 and 12 h; night lengths ≥12 h prevented diapause, whereas night lengths <12 h induced summer diapause in different degree. Experiments using non-24-h light–dark cycles showed that the duration of scotophase played an essential role in the determination of diapause. Night-interruption experiments with T=24 h showed that diapause was effectively induced by a 2-h light pulse in most scotophases; whereas day-interruption experiments by a 2-h dark break had a little effect on the incidence of diapause. The experiments of alternating short-night cycles (LD 16:8) and long-night cycles (LD 12:12) during the sensitive larval period showed that the information of short nights as well as long nights could be accumulated. Nanda–Hamner experiments showed three declining peaks of diapause at 24 h circadian intervals. Bünsow experiments showed two very weak peaks for diapause induction, one being 8 h after lights-off, and another 8 h before lights-on, but it did not show peaks of diapause at a 24 h interval. These results suggest that the circadian oscillatory system constitutes a part of the photoperiodic clock of this beetle but plays a limited role in its photoperiodic time measurement.
Colaphellus bowringi, Diapause, Photoperiodism, Nanda–Hamner experiments, Bünsow experiments
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薛芳森, XIAO-PING. WANG, , FANG-SEN XUE, FENG GE, CHENG-AI ZHOU and LAN-SHAO YOU
The Royal Entomological Society, Physiological Entomology, 29, 1-7,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
The effects of thermoperiods on diapause induction in continuous darkness or under a 12: 12h LD photoperiod were investigated in the cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringi Baly, a typical short-day species. The diapause response curves both at different constant temperatures and at the thermocycle of format CT x: (24-x) h (16: 28▫C) under continuously dark rearing conditions showed that the incidence of diapause depended mainly on whether or not the mean temperature was≤20▫C or ≥20▫C. If the mean temperature was≤20▫C, all individuals entered diapause; if >20▫C, the incidence of diapause declined gradually with increasing mean temperatures. The thermocycle (CT 12: 12h) with a series of different cryophases (8–22▫C) and thermophases (24–32▫C) under continuous darkness demonstrated a cryophase response threshold temperature of approximately 19▫C and a thermophase response threshold temperature of approximately 31▫C. Thermoperiodic amplitude (temperature difference between cryophase and thermophase) was shown to have a significant influence on diapause induction at the mean temperatures of 22, 23 and 24▫C, but not at ≥25▫C. Thermoperiodic responses under LD 12: 12h clearly showed that the incidence of diapause was influenced strongly by the photophase temperature. The thermoperiod under LD 12: 12h induced a much lower incidence of diapause than the thermoperiod with the same temperature in continuous darkness. The ecological significance of thermoperiodic induction of diapause in this species is discussed.
Colaphellus bowringi, diapause induction, photoperiod, temperature, thermoperiod
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薛芳森, 李爱青, 朱杏芬, 桂爱礼, 蒋佩兰, 刘晓芬
昆虫学报Acta Entomologica Sinica, August 2002, 45 (4): 494-498,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
大猿叶虫Colaphellus bowringi是江西山区十字花科蔬菜上的重要食叶害虫,以成虫在土中越夏和越冬。由于成虫滞育期的差异,该虫的化性显示了明显的种内变异。有些个体隔年繁殖;有些个体是一化性的,仅在春季或秋季繁殖1代;有些个体是二化性的,春季和秋季各繁殖1代;有些个体是多化性的,春季1代,秋季2~3代。因此,大猿叶虫在田间一年可发生4代。在春季,滞育成虫于2月底至4月初陆续出土繁殖;在秋季,滞育成虫于8月中旬至10月初陆续出土繁殖。春季羽化的成虫于4月底至6月上旬陆续入土越夏,秋季羽化的成虫于9月中旬至12月底陆续入土越冬。大猿叶虫一生能交配多次,大多数雌虫的产卵期超过1个月,最长达67天。平均每雌产卵量;春季世代为644粒,秋季世代为963粒,最高达1950粒。各虫态的发育历期:在15~30℃间,卵为13.78~3.14天,幼虫为22.83~6.95天,蛹为12.10~3.18天。发育阈值温度:卵为10.7 ℃,幼虫为8.8 ℃,蛹为9.6 ℃。非滞育成虫的寿命约为1~2个月,滞育成虫的寿命为5~38个月。滞育成虫均入土蛰伏,在土中的蛰伏深度为9~31cm。
大猿叶虫, 生活史多样性, 化性, 夏蛰, 冬眠
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薛芳森, Shao-Hui Wu, Dong Yang, Xi-Ting Lai, Fang-Sen Xue
S. -H. Wu et al. Journal of Insect Physiology 52 (2006) 1095-1104,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
The seasonal life cycle of the zygaenid moth, Pseudopidorus fasciata is complicated by two different developmental arrests: a winter diapause as a fourth larval instar and a summer diapause as a prepupa in a cocoon. Both larval diapause induction and termination are under photoperiodic control. Short days induce larval diapause with a critical daylength of 13.5 h and long days terminate diapause with a critical daylength of 14 h. In the present study photoperiodic control of summer diapause was investigated in Pseudopidorus fasciata. Under long photoperiods ranging from LD 14:10 to LD 18:6, only part of the population entered summer diapause, the rest continued to develop. The lowest number of prepupae entered diapause at LD 14:10, followed by LD 16:8 and LD 17:7. The highest incidence of diapause occurred with photoperiods of LD 15:9 and LD 18:6. By transferring the diapausing prepupae induced by various long photoperiods (LD 14:10, LD 15:9, LD 16:8, LD 17:7, LD 18:6) to LD 13:11, 25 1C, the duration of diapause induced by LD 14:10 was significantly shorter than those induced by longer photoperiods. By keeping aestivating prepupae induced by LD 15:9, 28 1C or by natural conditions at short photoperiods (LD 11:13 and LD 13:11) and at a long photoperiod (LD 15:9), the duration of diapause at LD 15:9 was more than twice as long as than those at LD 11:13 and LD 13:11. Moreover, adult emergence was highly dispersed with a high mortality at LD 15:9 but was synchronized with low mortality at LD 11:13 and LD 13:11. When the naturally induced aestivating prepupae were kept under natural conditions, the early aestivating prepupae formed in May exhibited a long duration of diapause (mean 126 days), whereas the later-aestivating prepupae formed in July exhibited a short duration of diapause (mean 69 days). These results indicate that aestivating prepupae require short or shortening photoperiod to terminate their diapause successfully. By transferring naturally induced aestivating prepupae to 25, 28 and 30▫C, the duration of diapause at the high temperature of 30▫C was significantly longer than those at 25 and 28▫C, suggesting that high temperature during summer also plays an important role in the maintenance of summer diapause in Pseudopidorus fasciata. All results reveal that summer diapause can serve as a ‘‘bet hedging’’ against unpredictable risks due to fluctuating environments or as a feedback mechanism to synchronize the period of autumn emergence. © 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Pseudopidorus fasciata, Summer diapause, Diapause induction, Diapause termination, Photoperiod, Temperature
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【期刊论文】光周期和温度对大猿叶虫滞育后成虫生物学特性的影响
薛芳森, 王小平, , 戈峰, 周程爱, 游兰韶
昆虫学报Acta Entomologica Sinica, April 2005, 48 (2): 285-289,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
大猿叶虫Colaphellus bowringi Baly是我国十字花科蔬菜上的一种重要害虫,以成虫在土壤中越冬和越夏,滞育发生主要受温度和光周期调节。本文就光周期和温度对滞育后成虫生物学特性的影响进行了研究。结果表明,在25℃下,光周期(L14: D10和L12: D12)对成虫滞育后的存活率、寿命、日平均产卵量、总产卵量均无显著影响。在长光照(L14: D10)下,温度(18℃、22℃和25℃)对滞育后成虫的生物学特性具有明显的影响;随温度的降低,总产卵量呈下降趋势,平均产卵量显著降低,雌虫滞育后寿命显著延长,18℃下少数个体能被诱导再次滞育。
大猿叶虫, 滞育后成虫, 光周期, 温度, 寿命, 存活率, 产卵量
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薛芳森, Hubert R. Spieth, Fangsen Xue, and Katharina Strau
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL PHYTHMS/December 2004,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
On the southern Iberian Peninsula, the seasonal life history of the large white butterfly, Pieris brassicae, comprises 2 different photoperiodically induced developmental arrests: a hibernation diapause at photophases <11 h and an estivation diapause at photophases >14 h. At intermediate photophases (12 h to 13 h), the butterfly responds with a nondiapause. Combined with the experimental setup to determine photosensitivity in insects, the different photoperiodic responses at long-, intermediate-, and short-night conditions were examined to gain more insight into the time measurement mechanism in P. brassicae. The study reveals evidence for a “double circadian oscillator clock” mechanism that is based on 2 submechanisms, a “short-night determining system” and a separate “long-night determining system.” This conclusion was drawn from the facts that an LD 9:15 long-night induces a hibernation diapause but inhibits an estivation diapause and, conversely, that an LD 16:8 short-night inhibits a hibernation diapause but induces an estivation diapause. This opposite effect of the same photoperiod supports the argument for the existence of 2 independent targets for light-dark cycles, interpreted as 2 antagonistic time measurement systems. The existence and independence of 2 systems was further shown by differences in long-night versus short-night responses regarding photosensitivity, temperature dependence, and heritable factors. The long-night measurement system is most effective in the 5th larval stage, is highly affected by temperature, and is easy to manipulate by selective inbreeding. The short-night measurement system is most effective in the 4th larval stage, is largely temperature compensated, and is not affected by experimental manipulation of the longnight measurement system.
lock mechanism, time measurement, photosensitivity, Pieris brassicae, photoperiodic response, estivation, hibernation
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