This paper presents a crossing reliability model of electric bike riders at urban intersections using survival analysis approach. Riders’ crossing behavior was collected by video cameras. Waiting times in the red-light phase were modeled by reliability-based model that recognizes the covariate effects. Three parametric models by the exponential, Weibull, and log-logistic distributions were proposed to analyze when and why electric bike riders cross against the red light. The results indicate that movement information and situation factors have significant effects on riders’ crossing reliability. The findings of this paper provide an important demonstration of method and an empirical basis to assess crossing reliability of electric bike riders at the intersection.

There is an explicit and implicit assumption in multimodal traffic equilibrium models, that is, if the equilibrium exists, then it will also occur. The assumption is very idealized; in fact, it may be shown that the quite contrary could happen, because in multimodal traffic network, especially in mixed traffic conditions the interaction among traffic modes is asymmetric and the asymmetric interaction may result in the instability of traffic system. In this paper, to study the stability of multimodal traffic system, we respectively present the travel cost function in mixed traffic conditions and in traffic network with dedicated bus lanes. Based on a day-to-day dynamical model, we study the evolution of daily route choice of travelers in multimodal traffic network using 10000 random initial values for different cases. From the results of simulation, it can be concluded that the asymmetric interaction between the cars and buses in mixed traffic conditions can lead the traffic system to instability when traffic demand is larger. We also study the effect of travelers' perception error on the stability of multimodal traffic network. Although the larger perception error can alleviate the effect of interaction between cars and buses and improve the stability of traffic system in mixed traffic conditions, the traffic system also become instable when the traffic demand is larger than a number. For all cases simulated in this study, with the same parameters, traffic system with dedicated bus lane has better stability for traffic demand than that in mixed traffic conditions. We also find that the network with dedicated bus lane has higher portion of travelers by bus than it of mixed traffic network. So it can be concluded that building dedicated bus lane can improve the stability of traffic system and attract more travelers to choose bus reducing the traffic congestion.

We study the effect of the parking on heterogeneous commuters' travel choice in a competitive transportation system which consists of a subway and a parallel road with a bottleneck of limited service capacity. Every morning, commuters either use their private cars only or drive their cars to the bottleneck, park there, and then take the subway to the destination. Considering the effects caused by body congestion in carriage and the parking fees, we developed a bottleneck model to describe the commuters' travel choice. There exist several types of equilibrium that corresponds to user equilibrium. We investigated the influence of the capacity of the bottleneck and the total travel demand on the travel behaviors and on the total social cost. It is shown that there exists a scheme with suitable subway fare and parking fees to implement the minimum total social cost.

Multi-modal trips are common in urban transportation networks. Traveling preferences are also considered by users in addition to their travel mode, path, cost and time. In this paper, in order to show the behavior of traveling choice under the influence of the cost, time and user preference, a variational inequality model is developed to describe the stochastic multi-user and multi-modal mixed traffic equilibrium. In this model, the mutual influences among different traffic modes are considered in a general traffic network, and travelers are grouped into different user classes according to their socio-economic characteristic and travel behavior. The model is illustrated by an application to a numerical example. Numerical results indicated that the mode choice of users is influenced by some factors such as the cost, time and users preferences for different mode and different transfer station.

Velocity effect and critical velocity are incorporated into the average space gap cellular automaton model [J.F. Tian, et al., Phys. A 391 (2012) 3129], which was able to reproduce many spatiotemporal dynamics reported by the three-phase theory except the synchronized outflow of wide moving jams. The physics of traffic breakdown has been explained. Various congested patterns induced by the on-ramp are reproduced. It is shown that the occurrence of synchronized outflow, free outflow of wide moving jams is closely related with drivers time delay in acceleration at the downstream jam front and the critical velocity, respectively.

A modified lattice hydrodynamic model of traffic flow is proposed by introducing the density difference between the leading and the following lattice. The stability condition of the modified model is obtained through the linear stability analysis. The results show that considering the density difference leads to the stabilization of the system. The Burgers equation and mKdV equation are derived to describe the density waves in the stable and unstable regions respectively. Numerical simulations show that considering the density difference not only could stabilize traffic flow but also makes the lattice hydrodynamic model more realistic.

In this article, a cellular automata model under opening boundary condition is proposed to simulate the characteristics of bus route. Through massive numerical simulations, phase diagram is obtained, which consists of four regions, including uniform region, insufficient capability region, bunching region, and serious congestion region. By studying the characteristics of each phase region and comparing the average speed and utilization, it is found that the position in uniform region or bunching region but near to the border of insufficient capability region is the best. Furthermore, phenomena of inhomogeneous bus stop situations are simulated, and resolution of driving shuttle buses is discussed. Comparing the simulation results with the real-life bus route investigation, some similarities are found.

A dynamic parameters model is presented based on cellular automata for pedestrian evacuation in this paper. The dynamic parameters: Direction-parameter, Empty-parameter and Cognition-parameter are formulated to simplify tactically the decision-making process of pedestrians, which can reflect the pedestrian judgment on the surrounding conditions and decide the pedestrian’s choice of action. Pedestrian moving rules were established, according to two-dimensional cellular automaton. The simulation results of the model are analyzed. It is observed that there is a linear relationship between evacuation time and pedestrian density, however, there is a negative exponential relationship between evacuation time and exit width. The simulation results correspond with the actual, it is instructional significant for pedestrian evacuation.

This paper investigates the dynamics of pedestrian evacuation with the influence of the fire spreading. An extended floor field model is proposed. In the new model, the effect of fire on the evacuation is considered by introducing the fire floor field. Thus, the floor field intensity is weighted by static, dynamic and fire floor fields. Numerical simulations are carried out to study the dynamics in the process of the evacuation. The influence of the parameters–weight of fire floor field, fire spread rate–on the evacuation efficiency is analyzed in detail. The simulation results show that the number of pedestrians evacuated out of the room is highly related to both the original location of the fire and the configuration of the room. Those results can bring some guidance to design the evacuation strategy in panic situation.

In this article, a new cellular automaton traffic flow model, in which randomisation effect is enhanced with the decrease of time gap and the long time stopped vehicle has large randomisation probability, is presented. Both periodic and open boundary conditions are considered. Under periodic boundary condition, the fundamental diagram and the properties of synchronised flow are studied in detail. Under open boundary condition, different congested patterns induced by an on-ramp are analysed. The results are consistent with the well-known results of Kerner's three-phase traffic theory published before.