盖钧镒
从事大豆遗传育种和数量遗传研究,致力于国家大豆改良中心的创建。
个性化签名
- 姓名:盖钧镒
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学术头衔:
博士生导师,
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学科领域:
农艺学
- 研究兴趣:从事大豆遗传育种和数量遗传研究,致力于国家大豆改良中心的创建。
盖钧镒教授, 男,1936年6月5日生,江苏省无锡市人。作物遗传育种学家。1957年毕业于南京农学院农学专业,并于1968年完成作物遗传育种研究生学业。南京农业大学作物遗传育种学教授、国家大豆改良中心主任。从事大豆遗传育种和数量遗传研究,致力于国家大豆改良中心的创建。发表论著400余篇册。1984年获国家级有突出贡献的中青年专家称号。1998年获中华农业科教基金奖。2001年当选为中国工程院院士。2002年被授予何梁何利基金科学与技术进步奖。主要成就和贡献:1. 搜集、研究以中国南方大豆地方品种为主的资源1.2万份,揭示该群体主要经济性状的遗传潜势,按产量、抗病虫性、品质、育性等逐一建立8个性状的种质发掘、遗传机制和选育创新的研究系列,创造出一批优异种质,获国家科技进步二等奖;将种质研究推进到基因组学领域,合作建立大豆遗传图谱并标记定位5个连锁的抗SMV基因;完成中国大豆育成品种系谱图及遗传基础分析;提出中国大豆品种熟期组划分方法和品种生态区划;针对大豆黄河中下游起源假设提出支持栽培大豆起源于南方野生群体的分子遗传学论据;其他还获省部级科技进步奖5项。2. 主持国家大豆育种攻关;主持或参加育成南农73-935、南农88-31等20多个大豆新品种在长江中下游推广。南农1138-2、南农217等品种获省部级科技进步奖4项。3. 将数量遗传多基因假设拓展为主基因+多基因混合遗传模型,实现了从只能研究多基因整体效应到能同时鉴别1-3个主基因效应和多基因整体效应的突破。他发现了亲本配合力与世代的互作及其育种意义,提出了野生大豆种质渗进的回交方法和交互使用轮回亲本的修饰回交法,研究出了提高遗传试验精度的简化广义格子设计。“大豆地方品种群体遗传潜势及中美亲本配合力分析”获国家科教委科技进步二等奖;“大豆育种交配制度和选择试验方法的应用基础研究”获农业部科技进步三等奖;“植物数量性状主基因―多基因遗传体系的分离分析方法” 获教育部提名国家自然科学奖二等奖。4. 培养、合作培养百名以上博士、硕士生,为国家输送一批优秀人才。参编的《田间试验和统计方法》获得国家教学成果一等奖。
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【期刊论文】中国大豆育成品种中不同地理来源种千周的遗传贡献*
盖钧镒, 赵团结, 崔章林, 邱家驯
中国农业科学 1998,31(5):35~43,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
在对1923~1995年育成的651个中国大豆品种系谱分析的基础上,计算每一育成品种祖先亲本的细胞核和细胞质遗传贡献值。在全国347个细胞核祖先亲本和214个细胞质祖先亲本中,来自东北、黄淮海、南方及国外的祖先亲本对全国育成品种细胞核与细胞质遗传贡献分别为48.23%和50.54%, 25.50%和29.49%,13.74%和16.28%,11.95%和2.92%。进一步分析了东北、黄淮海、南方三大生态区大豆育成品种的核、质来源,包括国外引种所占的从额及其特点。评选出38个对全国和三大生态区域遗传贡献最大的种质。
大豆, 种质资源, 遗传贡献
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【期刊论文】中国栽培大豆和野生大豆不同生态类型群体间遗传演化关系的研究*
盖钧镒, 许东河, 高忠, 岛本义也, 阿部纯, 福士泰史, 北岛俊二
作物学报,2000,26(5):513~520,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
对全国栽培大豆不同地理、季节生态类型和一年生野生大豆不同地理生态类型的大量材料,进行形态、等位酶和细胞器DNA RFLP性状等不受人工选择直接影响的中性性状的分析。结果表明:(1)我国栽培大豆不同生态类型群体间地理生态分化明显,遗传距离较大;同一地理群体内存在季节生态分化,遗传距离相对较小;南方春豆与东北春豆熟期组相近,但其遗传距离大于与南方其他生态型的距离。(2)中国栽培大豆在地理上和季节上表现由晚熟型向早熟型进化的赵势,东北、黄淮栽培大豆各种生态型与本地区野生大豆群体的遗传距离大于与南方野生大豆群体的遗传距离,因而南方原始野生大豆可能是各地栽培大豆的共同祖先,南方原始栽培类型在向北方扩燕尾服过程中不断演化出各种早熟类型。
栽培大豆, 野生大豆, 生态型, 遗传演化
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盖钧镒, 钱虎君, 吉东风, 王明军
遗传学报,27(5):434~439,2000,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
以六合小叶青×新沂小黑豆、上饶不死×淮阴秋黑豆、六合小叶青×南农73-935 3个要交组合植株世代的P1、P2、F1、F2、F2∶3为材料,分析了干豆腐产量的遗传规律。结果表明,3个杂交组合干豆腐产量的遗传均是1对加显性主基因和多基因混合遗传模型,干豆腐产量的遗传率较高,3个杂交组合植株世代F2∶3家系干豆腐产量的主基因遗传率分别为51.80%、59.80%、61.85%,多基因遗传率分别为48.03%、39.18%、36.12%。进行高豆腐产量选育时应以主基因选择为主,兼顾多基因的选择。
大豆, 豆腐产量, 遗传
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盖钧镒, Jiankang Wang, & Junyi Gai
Euphytica 122: 9-18, 2001.,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
A quantitative trait could be controlled by a few major genes and many polygenes. Distinguishing the effects of major genes from polygenes and/or environments is important for understanding the expression of a major gene in relation to its genetic background, and for predicting the segregation of a cross in breeding. Our objective was to re-analyze the resistance of soybean to agromyzid beanfly by a mixed inheritance model. Number of insects in stem (NIS) was used as an indicator of resistance. The previous result from the segregation ratio of resistance and susceptibility was that resistance was controlled by one dominant gene. The major results from the mixed inheritance model were (1) the inheritance of resistance was controlled by one major gene along with minor genes; (2) Additive and dominance effects of minor genes were generally less than those of the major gene and varied among crosses, indicating different minor gene systems; (3) Heritability was higher for the major gene than for the minor genes; (4) The F2 plants and F2∶3 Lines were classified into appropriate genotypes according to their posterior probabilities and the critical value to distinguish resistant and susceptible plants was given for NIS based on the classification. These results indicated that mixed major gene and polygene genetic analyisis was superior to the frequently used classical Mendelian method.
agromyzid beanfly (, Melanagromyza sojae Zehntner), ,, graphical analysis,, mixed major gene and polygene inheritance model,, segregation analysis,, soybean
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盖钧镒, 汪越胜
中国农业科学 2001,34(2):139-145,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
在前人关于中国大豆栽培区域划分的基础上,根据我国各地256份大豆地方品种在南京分季播种、延长或缩短光照长度各种理条件下的生育期表现,结合供试材料的来源地地理与气侯条件、播种季节类型、熟期组归属以及光湿反应特性等因素,将我国大豆品种生态区划分为北方一熟制春作大豆品种生态区、黄淮海二熟制春夏作大豆品种生态区、长江中下游二熟制春夏作大豆品种生态区、中南多熟制春夏秋作大豆品种生态区、西南高源二熟制介夏作大豆品种生态区和华南热带多熟制四季大豆品种生态区等6大区,并在其中3个区内进一步划分亚区。
大豆, 品种生态区, 栽培区域
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盖钧镒, 汪越胜, 张孟臣, 王继安, 常汝镇
作物学报,2001,27(3):286~292,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
根据北美13个熟期组大豆代表品种48份及我国各地地方品种256份在南京春播自然条件结合18小时长光照条件的试验,部分品种在石家庄、哈尔滨的春播试验,获得以下主要结果:(1)将我国大豆品种归属为相应的000~Ⅸ共12个熟期组,未发现熟期组Ⅹ品种;(2)按同一熟期品种生育前期变异的地理分布,0~Ⅲ熟期组内各划分为秦岭淮河线以北亚组与秦岭淮河线以南亚组,因此将我国大豆品种进一步划分为熟期组000、00、01、Ⅸ02、Ⅰ1、Ⅰ2…Ⅸ共12组16种熟期类型;(3)揭示我国大豆熟期组依品种生态区地理分布特点;(4)提出我国大豆品种熟期归属的鉴定方法和各地鉴定的标准品种名录。
大豆, 熟期组, 标准品种, 地理分布
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【期刊论文】Development of a cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile line of soybean
盖钧镒, Derong Ding Junyi Gai*, Zhanglin Gui & Jiaxun Qiu
Euphytica 124: 85-91, 2002.,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
The F1 of N8855×N2899, a cross between two cultivars of G. max (L.) Merr., was found to be male-sterile. After it was back-crossed with the recurrent parent N2899 for four successive generations, a cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile line and its maintainer line, designated as NJCMS1A and NJCMS1B, respectively, were obtained. NJCMS1A was stable in male sterility with 98.29% plants being male-sterile at 0% pollen germination, while its female fertility was normal. The pollen abortion of NJCMS1A occurred at the binucleate stage. Then the vacuolation and disintegration of cytoplasm became further pronounced in MKC,S1A pollen. In Addition, the abnormal phenomenon of 2~3 styles surrounded by 20~30 stamens was found in a few flowers of some malesterile plants at BC1F1 and BC2F1.
backcross,, cytological feature,, cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile line,, hybridization,, soybean
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【期刊论文】The EIM algorithm in the joint segregation analysis of quantitative traits
盖钧镒, YUAN-MING ZHANG*, JUN-YI GAI AND YONG-HUA YANG
Genet. Res., Camb. (2003), 81, pp. 157-163.,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
In this article, a new algorithm for obtaining the maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) of parameters in the joint segregation analysis (JSA) of multiple generations of P1, F1, P2, F2, and F2∶3 (MG5) for quantitative traits was set up. Firstly, owing to the fact that the component variance of the heterogeneous genotype in F2∶3 included both the first-order genetic parameters (denoted by the means of distributions) and the second-order parameters, a simple closed form for the MLEs of the masns of component distributions did not exist while the expectation and maximization (EM) algorithm was used. To Simplify the estimation of parameters, the first partial derivative of the above variance on the mea in the sample log-likelihood function was omitted. However, this would be remedied by the iterated method. Then, variances of component distributions for segregating populations were partitioned into major-gene, polygenic and environmental variances so that the generally iterated formulae for estimating the means as well as polygenic and environmental variances of componet distributions in the maximization step (M-step) of the EM algorithm were obtained. Therefor, the EM algorithm for estimating parameters in the JSA model for the MG5 was simplified. This is called the expectation and iterated maximization (EIM) algorithm. Finally, an example of the inheritance of the resistance of soybean to beanfly showed that the results of mixed inheritance analysis in this paper coincided with those in both Wang & Cai (2001) and Wei et al. (1989), so the EIM algorithm was appropriate.
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【期刊论文】Identification and estimation of a QTL model and its effects
盖钧镒, J.-Y. Gai
Theor Appl Genet (1998) 97: 1162-1168,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
A joint segregation analysis of a genetiv system and the effects of QTLs based on the six populations P1, F1, P2, B1, B2 and F2 is proposed in this paper. The major steps were as follows. Firstly, under the supposition that the segregating population was composed of component distributions controlled by a major gene(s) and mdified by both polygenes and environments, Four groups and 17 types of genetic models, including a one major-gene model, a two major-gene model, a polygene model, and a mixed one-major gene and polygene model, were set up. Secondly, the joint maximum-likelihood function was constructed from the six generations so as to estimate the parameters of component distributions through an EM algorithm. Thirdly, the best-fitting genetic model was chosen according to Akaike’s information criterion, a likelihood-ratio test, and tests for goodness of fit. Fourthly, the related genetic parameters, including gene effects, as well as the genetic variances of major genes and polygenes, were obtained from the estimates of component distributions. Finally, the individuals in segregating populations were classified into their major-gene genotypes according to their posterior probabilities. An example of the genetic analysis of plant height of a rice cross between nanjing No.6 and Guangcong was used to illustrate the above procedure. The method was especially appropriate to those crops with easy to obtain hybrid seeds.
Quantitative trait loci (, QTLs),
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盖钧镒, 王永军, , *, 东方阳, 王修强, 杨雅麟, 喻德跃, ①, 吴晓雷, 贺超英, 张劲松, 陈爱宜
遗传学报 Acta Genetica Sinica Vol. 31 No.1 2004,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
以科丰1号×南农1138-2为亲本构建的RIL群体NJRIKY为材料,对群体进行了个SMV株系(Sa、Sc-8、Sc-9、N1、N3)的抗病鉴定。结果表明:大豆对5个SMV株系的抗性均爱一对显性基因控制。用Mapmaker 3.0进行连锁分析,发现Rsa与Rnl、Rn3和Rsc9均连锁,距离分别为21.4cM、35.3cM;和35.3cM;Rsc8只和Rn1连锁,距离为35.8cM;Rn1和Rn3之间的遗传距离最近,为10.2cM。多点分析结果表明:5个抗病基因的排列顺序和遗传距离为RSC8-35.8cM-Rnl-10.3cM-Rn3-21.5cM-Rsa-35.8cM-Rsc9。根据RFLP、SSR标记分析结果构建了一套大豆遗传图谱,该图谱包含22个连锁群、256个标记,总遗传距离为3050.9cM。将5个抗病基因定位于N8-D1b+W连锁群,有3个RFLP标记和Rnl、Rn3都连锁,分别为A691T、K477I、KC5T。它们与Rnl、Rn3的距离分别为15.04cM、17.82cM、15.37cM和16.14cM、17.82cM、16.58cM。
大豆花叶病毒, 抗病基因, 遗传图谱, 基因定位
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