曹卫星
主要研究领域为作物生理生态、作物栽培管理、农业信息技术等。
个性化签名
- 姓名:曹卫星
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学术头衔:
博士生导师
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学科领域:
农艺学
- 研究兴趣:主要研究领域为作物生理生态、作物栽培管理、农业信息技术等。
曹卫星,1958年8月出生于江苏南通。1982年江苏农学院农学系获学士学位,1985年南京农业大学农学系获硕士学位,1989年美国俄勒冈州立大学作物科学系获博士学位,随后在美国威斯康星大学做博士后及科学家,于1994年回国到南京农业大学工作,破格提拔为教授、博士生导师。1996年任农学系副主任,1997年任校长助理、农学系主任,2000年任农学院院长,2001年任南京农业大学副校长,2002年任民盟江苏省委主委,2003年任江苏省政协副主席,为十届全国人大代表。担任南京农业大学作物栽培学与耕作学国家重点学科点负责人,农业部作物生长调控重点开放实验室主任,江苏省信息农业高技术研究重点实验室主任,中国农学会计算机农业应用分会副理事长,全国作物栽培专业委员会副主任,江苏省自然科学基金委农业学科组组长,江苏省小麦专业委员会主任等。
主要研究领域为作物生理生态、作物栽培管理、农业信息技术等。先后主持国家863计划、国家杰出青年科学基金、国家自然科学基金重点项目、国际合作项目及部省级科研项目等30多项,培养了博士和硕士研究生52名、博士后2名。着重阐明了小麦花粒发育与品质形成的基本规律、生理生态机制及调优栽培原理,为优质专用小麦的生产奠定了技术基础;确立了小麦、水稻高效氮素利用的生理生态基础及关键调控技术,为作物氮素营养的监测诊断和节氮栽培提供了理论依据;建立了小麦、水稻、油菜、棉花等作物的生长模拟模型和管理知识模型,基于GIS的农业空间信息管理系统,以及基于模型和3S技术的精确农业和数字农业决策支持系统,为信息农业和数字农业的发展提供了关键技术和应用平台。
已发表重要期刊论文260多篇,其中SCI论文40余篇;出版著作5部;获得国家软件著作权登记13项。获得1996年度国家教委科技进步二等奖1项;完成科技成果鉴定1项(整体达到国际先进水平);获得江苏省教学成果一等奖1项。入选国家杰出青年科学基金、国家教委跨世纪优秀人才、国家人事部百千万人才工程、国务院政府特殊津贴、全国优秀教师、全国留学回国人员先进个人、农业部有突出贡献中青年专家、江苏省普通高校跨世纪学术带头人及中期考核优秀、省333工程培养对象、省优秀学科带头人、省劳动模范、省优秀科技工作者、省优秀博士生导师、省六大人才高峰等。
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2129
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成果阅读
1103
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成果数
10
曹卫星, 姜东, 戴廷波, 荆奇
植物学报,2004,46(1):51-57,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
蔗糖向淀粉的转化是决定小麦籽粒产量的重要因素。田间条件下研究了两个小麦(Triticum aesivum L.)品种“鲁麦22”和“鲁麦22”和“鲁麦14”籽粒淀粉合成相关酶:蔗糖合酶(sucrose synthase, SS)、腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, ADPGPPase)、可溶性淀粉合酶(soluble starch synthase, SSS)、束缚态淀粉合酶(starch granule-bound synthase, GBSS)的活性以及籽粒ATP含量的日变化。结果表明,上述酶活性呈现明显的昼夜变化特征,酶活性一般在白天较低,而在夜间呈较高活性,而籽粒ATP含量趋势相反。相关分析表明,白天较低的酶活性可能与气温超过其适宜温度有关。对籽粒淀粉合成相酶活性日变化的可能因子进行了讨论。
冬小麦, 日变化, 淀粉合成, 酶活性
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曹卫星 , Dong Jiang, Weixing Cao *, Tingbo Dai and Qi Jing
Plant Growht Regulation 41: 247-257. 2003,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Weight of individual grains is a major yield component in wheat. The non-uniform distribution of single grain weight on a wheat spike is assumed to beelosely associatted with starch synthesis in grains. The preseint study was undertaken to determine if the enzymes involved in starch synthesis caused the difference in single grain weight between superior and inferior grains on a wheat spike. Using two high-yield winter wheat (Tritieum aestivum L.) varieties diffeing in grain weight and theree nitrogen rates for one varity, the contents of amylse and amylopection, and activities of enzymes involved in starch synthesis in both superior and inferior grains were investigated during the entire periol of grain filling. Superior grains showed generally higher starch accumulation tates and actieties of enzymes ineluding SS (sucrose synthaes), UDPGP Pase (UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase), ADPGPPase (ADP-gluceose pyrophosphorylase), SSS (soluble starch synthase) and GBSS (starch granule bound starch synthase) and subsequently produced much higher single grain weigth than inferior grains. Nitrogen inereased enzyme activities and starch accumulation rates.and thus improved individual grain weight, especially for inferior grains. The SS. ADPGPPase and SSS were significantly correlated to amylopectin accumulation, while SS, ADPGPPase, SSS and GBSS were signinficantly correlated to amylose accumulation. This infers that SS, ADPGPPase and starchsynthase play key roles in regulating starch accumulaition and grain weight in superior and inferior grains on a wheat spike.
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曹卫星 , Zhujie Xie, , Dong Jiang, Weixing Cao, *, Tingbo Dai and Qi Jing
Plant Growth Regutation 41: 117-127. 2003,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Accumulation of protein and starch in grain is a key procss determining grain yield and quality in wheat. Under drought or waterlogging, endogenous plant hormone levels will change and may have and impact on the yield and quality of wheat. In a greenhouse experimnet, four winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties differing in grain protein conternt. Heimai 76. Wanmai 38. Yangmai 10 and Yangmai 9, were subjected to drought (SRWC=45~50%, DR). waterlogging (WL) and moderate water supply (SRWC=75~80%, CK), beginning form 4 days post-anthesis (DPA) to maturity. On the 10 (grain enlargemet stage) and 20 (grain filling stage) DPA. endogenous in sink and source organs of wheat plants by enxymc linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The patterns of hormonal changes were similar in four varieties. The ABA levels were much higher under DR and WL than under CK. Compared with CK, GA1+3 levels in whole-plant under DR and WL changed a little at 10 DPA, but markedly dectrease under DR and WL at 20 DPA. Changes of enodgenous IAA level under DR and WL exhibited a complicated pattern, depending on organs and growth stages. Particularly at the 20 DPA, the mean levels of IAA in roots. leaves and grains decreased significantly under DR and WL. In comparison with CK. ZR levels in all organs significantly decreased under DR and WL at both stages. The correlation analyses between yiclds and contents of starch and protein in grains and levels and rations of four hormones in source and sink organs indiated that the changes in yield and content of grain starch and protein under DR and WL were associated with the reduced IAa, ZR and GA, levels and elevated ABA level in plants, expecially in grains. It was proposed that the changed levels of endongenous hormones under post-anthesis DR and WL might indirectly affect protein and starch accumulation in grains by influencing the regulatory enzyines and rpocesses.
ABA-absicsi acid, CTK-cytokinin, DPA-days post-anthesis, ELISA-enzyine Linkde immunosorbent assay, GA1+, 3-gibberelins, IAA-indole-3-acetic acid, ZR-zeatin riboside, SRWC-soil relative water conten, DR-soil drouth, WL-soil waterlogging, CK-moderate water wupply
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【期刊论文】Sensitivity of Winter Wheat Phyllochron to Environmetnal Changes
曹卫星 , Weixing Cao and Dale N. Moss *
Reprinted from Agrononmy Journal Vol. 86, No.1,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
The effect of environmental changes on the rate of leaf emergence in wheat Triticum aesiveum L. must be understood to accurately simulate the development of the crop canopy. We determined the phyllochron for 'stephens' winter wheat plants in growth chambers at two constant temperatures (10 and 18℃) at a daylength of 14h and at two constant daylengths (8 and 18h) at a temperature of 20℃, and for plants transferred between the two temperatures and between the two daylengths at the first-, second--, third-, and fourth. leaf stages. The phyllochron of all plants transferred from low to high temperature increased to that of plants kept continually at the high timperature. The phyllochron of plants transterred from high to low temperature at the one-leaf stage was identical with the phyllochron of plants kept continually at the low temperature, but was intermedite between that of the high and low temperatures for gransfers at the second-, third, or fourth-leaf stage. The phyllochron of plants transferred from short to lone days decreased to values identical to those plants transferred from long to short daylengths increased to values equal to or greater than that of plants kept continually at the short daylengths. Thus. plants adapted to either tmperature or day length environments that favor rapid leaf environment for leaf growth than plants that were kept continually in the less favorable environment. The results help explain why the phyllochron is often constant for a particular field planting where plants are subject to seasonal changes in tmperature and daylength.
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【期刊论文】Modelling phasic development in wheat: a conceptual integration of physiological components
曹卫星 , W. CAO AND D. N. MOSS
Journal of Agricultural Science. Canbridge (1997), 129, 163-172,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Simulationg of phasic development in wheat is necessary in constructing wheat growth and yield models. It is also useful for evaluating culvivar adaptation and scheduling cultural practices. This paper describes a conceptual model of wheat development based on phenological principles, as affected by vernalization, photoperiod, thermal response and intrinsic earliness, and also reports the results of ensitivity analysis and validation of the model. The model predicts when the plant will reach double ridge, termianl spikelet and heading. In tthe model, the daily thermal sensitivity of development following emergece is determined by and interacton of relative vernalization comptetion and relative photoperiod effectiveness for that day. After complete vernalixation is reached, the daily thermal sensitivity is determied only by relative photoperiod effectiveness, which gradually increases from terminal spikelet to heading. A multiplication between the daily thermal sensitivisty and thermal effectiveness generated daily flowering were characterized as vernalization requirement, photoperiod sensitivity and intrinsic earliness. The model showed a sensitive response to environmental varibles of temperature and daylength. and to gentic parameters of vernalizaion requrement and photoperiod sensitivity. Evaluation of the model using multiple experimental data involving varous cultivars and planting dates exhibited a marked goodness of fit between simulation and observation with a root mean square error<5 days. The results indicate that the model can be used a prdictor for the major flowering stages. as well as functioning as dnowledge for understading the characteristics of different develoment componcets in wheat.
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【期刊论文】Monitoring Leaf Nitrogen Status in Rice with Canopy Spectral Reflectance
曹卫星 , Lihong Xue, Weixing Cao, *, Weihong Luo, Tingbo Dai, and Yan Zhu
,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Nondestructive moitoring and diagnosis of plant N status is necessary for precision N management. The present study was conducted to determine if canopy reflectance could be used to evaluate leaf N status in rice (oryza sativa L.). Ground-based canopy spectral reflectance and N concentration and accumulation in leaves were measured over the entire rice growing season udner various treatments of N feritlization, irrigation, and plant population. Analyses were made on the relationships of seasonal canopy spectral reflectance, ratio indices, and normalized difference indices to leaf N concentration and N accunulation in rice under different N treatments. The results showed that at each sampling date, leaf N concentration was negatively related to the reflectance at the green band (560nm) while positively related to ration index, with the best correlation at jionting. However, the relationships between leaf N accumulation and reflectance at green band and ration index were consitent across the whole growth periold. The ratio of near infraed (NIR) to green (R480/R560) was especiallly linearly related to total leaf N accrmulation, independent of N level and growth stage. Tests of the linear regression model with different field experiment data set involving diffeent plant densities, N fertilization, and irrigation treatments exhibited good agreement beweent the prediceted and boserved values, with an estimation accuracy of 96.69%, root mean square error of 0.7072, and relative error of -0.0052. These results indicate that ratio inex of NIR to Green (R06/R560) should be useful for nondestructive monitoring of N Status in rice plants.
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【期刊论文】Short communication Dynamic characteristics of floret primordium development in wheat
曹卫星 , Cundong Li, Weixing Cao*, Tingbo Dai
Field Crops Research 71(2001)71-76,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
This study was undertaken to determine the time-course of floret primordium initation and degeneration in relation to thermal time after sowing in various cultivars and tiller position sof wheat (Triticum aestiveum L.). The field experiment was carried out on the experiment station of Nanjing Agricultural University of China. and included three sowing dates: carly planting of 30 September. middle planting of 30 October and late planting of 2 march and two wheat cultivars: winter type 'Jing 411' and spring type 'Yangmai 158'. Quadratic and linear relationships could deseribe floret initiation. degeneration and abortion in response to growing-degree-days after sowing for main stem and first and second tillers of middle planting plants of both cultivars. The floret fertility. The growing-degree-days from sowing to floret intiaion were significantly diffeent between the thre sowing dates and between the two cultivars. These results help quanitfy the dynamic processes of apical development and explain differcnes in floret development of wheat with different environments. cultivars and tiller development and explain the diffences in floret development of wheat with different environments. cultivars and tiller positions.
Floret primordium initiation, Tiller position, Cultivar, Sowing date
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【期刊论文】不同穗型小麦小花发育过程中幼穗和叶片内源激素水平的动态变化
曹卫星, 王兆龙, 戴廷波
植物学报,2000,42(10):1026-1032,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
“以97鉴1”、“扬麦158”和“河南8679”分别代表特大穗型、大穗型和穗数型基因型材料,测定和分析了小(triticum aestivum L.)从小花分代至抽穗期穗部和叶片的内源植物激素水平。 幼穗中ABA高峰出现在雌雄蕊分化期至药隔形成期之间,出现时间则随穗型增大而推迟。 在减数分裂期前,特大穗型号幼穗中内源激素水平特别是ABA和CA1+3水平明显下降,但IAA/ABA及iPA/ABA的比值显著增加,与穗数型品种表现了完全不同的变化趋。此外, 特大穗型小麦幼穗中IAA和GA1+3水平在药隔形成期要高于叶片,在减数分裂期则已明显低于叶片,而穗数型小麦在减数分裂期穗中IAA与GA1+3的水平与叶片中比较接近,ABA水平甚至高于叶片。结果表明,药隔形成期至减数分裂期穗中ABA和GA1+3水平的急剧下降以及减数分裂期穗中极低的ABA和平GA1+3含量可能有利于小麦小花发育和大穗形成。
小麦, 内源激素, 小花发育, 基因型差异, 大穗
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曹卫星, 李存东, , *, 张月辰
Acta Botanica Sinica 2002, 44 (3): 273-278,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
研究了小麦(Triticum aestimum L.)茎顶端不同类型原基分化的动态过程,以明确原基分化的综合模式,并建立了不同原基分化之间的定量关系。结果表明,小麦叶原基和苞叶原基分化与播后累积生长度日(GDD, growing degree days after sowing)的关系呈S形曲线,而小穗原基和小花原基为上升段抛物曲线,从分化模式看,苞叶原基具备营养器官原基特征;小穗和小花原基的分化进程能较好地反映基因型和生态条件对顶端发育的影响。小麦茎顶端原基分化的综合模式为由三段子模式构成的近似S曲线,叶原基数由基因型和环境条件共同决定,而苞叶原基、小穗原基和小花原基数以环境因子的影响为主。以平均热间距来衡量,适期播处理的叶片、苞叶和小穗原基分化速率最高;而小花原基数与小花分化持续期之间的数量关系最为密切。研究结果有助于提示和理解小麦茎顶端发育的生物学规律。
小麦, 茎顶端, 原基分化, 综合模式, 动态特征
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【期刊论文】Simulating Organ Growht in Wheat Based on the Organ-Weight Fraction Concept
曹卫星 , Weixing Cao, Tiemei Liu, Weihong Luo, Shaohua Wang, Jie Pan and Wenshang Guo*
Plant Production Science Vol. 50, 2002,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Quantifying dry mattcr partitioning into individual organs of plants is a key component for simulating crop growth and yicld formation. This study was undertakcn to develop a dynamic module of biomass partitioning over the entire duration of growth in wheat. The paritioning fraction of shoor or rool was defined as the fraction of its dry weight in plant biomass, and partitioning fraction of green leaf, stem or ear as the fraction of its dry weight in shoot mass of wheat. The functional relationships of the partitioning fraction with physiological development time for the entire growth period were established, in which harvest indes (HI) regulated partitioning fraction of ear to shoot biomass as a genetic parameter. The dry weight of individual organ was the product of the respective partitioning fracton and plant weight or shoot weight. Test of the model with the field experiment data sets involving differen sowing dates, plant weight of shoot weight. Test of the model with the field experiment data sets involving different sowing dates, plant densities and nitrogen fertilization strategies indicated a good agrecment between the predicted and observed values.
Dry matter,, Dynamic simulation,, Organ growth,, Partitioning fraction,, Wheat.,
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