方小敏
长期从事青藏高原隆起过程与环境变化方面的研究工作。
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- 姓名:方小敏
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学术头衔:
博士生导师, 教育部“新世纪优秀人才支持计划”入选者, 国家杰出青年科学基金获得者
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学科领域:
矿物学(包括放射性矿物学)
- 研究兴趣:长期从事青藏高原隆起过程与环境变化方面的研究工作。
方小敏 男 1963年7月生于湖南省冷水江市,中共党员,理学博士,兰州大学特聘教授、博士生导师,兰州大学资源环境学院副院长、西部环境教育部重点实验室主任。1995年度原国家教委“跨世纪优秀人才”计划入选者、1999年度国家“杰出青年基金”和中科院“引进国外杰出人才”计划(百人计划A类)获得者;首届“中国青藏高原青年科技奖” 获得者;1997年人事部“千百万人才工程”1-2层面入选者。国际第四纪联合会(INQUA)两个工作组主席。
方小敏研究员长期从事青藏高原隆起过程与环境变化方面的研究工作,先后主持国家科技部“973”和“九五”攀登计划青藏项目课题和攻关专题、国家自然科学基金重点和面上项目、教育部重大科学技术项目和重点项目、国际第四纪联合会国际合作项目、日本学术振兴会特别研究员访问工作基金、美国明尼苏达大学国家岩石磁学研究所开放基金等20余项,在青藏高原东北部和北部建立起我国西北新生代高分辨率、高精度完整的年代地层标准序列和高原北部新生代重大构造变形隆升事件序列,并同时获得我国高分辨率的陆地新生代气候变化纪录,发现一系列吻合于青藏高原强烈构造抬升的干旱化事件和季风环流增强事件。共发表论文120多篇(SCI收录50余篇),合作专著4部。部分有关成果1997年获“甘肃省科技进步奖三等奖”(排名第一),1998年获“国家教育部科技进步奖三等奖” (排名第二),2000年获“中国高校自然科学奖一等奖”(排名第一)。
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方小敏
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-1年11月30日
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【期刊论文】The History and Impetus of the Occurrence of Debris Flows in West China : A Brief Review
方小敏, Xiaomm Fang, Siwei Zeng
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-1年11月30日
A short synthesis of the debris flows of most studied sites over vast western China indicates that debris flow occurred frequently in the past, mainly at about 3.0-3.5, 2.7, 2.4-2.5, 2.0-2.1, 1.9-1.6, 1.0-1.1, 0.7-0.9. 0.54, 0.33, 0.25, 0.1-0.14,and 0.005-0.013 mission yesrs before present (Ma BP), as a function of climatic change and tectonic movement. The progressive uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and other mountains intensifies the development of debris flows in frequency. Human actiities merely worsen this trend. With the global warming, a more serious interval of debris flow occurrence would be envisaged in western China.
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【期刊论文】Pedogenic response to millennial summer monsoon enhancements on the Tibetan Plateau
方小敏, Xiaomin Fanga, b, *, Lianqing L.ub, Joseph A. Masonc, Shengli Yangb, Zhisheng Ana, Jijun Lib, Guo Zhilongb
Quaternary International 106-107(2003)79-88,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
The Asian summer monsoons experienced both rapid, episodic enhancement and long-term evolution with the uplift of Tibet. The response of pedogenesis to those events on the Tibetan Plateau at mean elevations of 4000-5000m is of great interest and significance in deciphering the history of Asian and Tibetan summer monsoons, and in understanding soil development, deterioration and management. The over 22m loess-paleosol sequence at Hezuo on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, extending back through the last interglaciation and the thickest late Pleistocene sequence identified thus far on the Plateau, provides a unique opportunity to tackle the above topics. Detailed chronology and soil development determined by field pedofeatures and soil proxies have revealed a millennial fluctuation of the Asian and Tibetan summer monsoons resembling the late Pleistocene North Atlantic climatic record. The end of each Heinrich event is closely followed by formation of a stronger paleosol and then some much weaker thin soil horizons-weathered loess or loess. The episodes of stronger soil development (or paleosol events) correspond without exception to strongest summer monsoon enhancement at the beginning or in the early part of each Bond cycle recorded in the North Atlantic. The strongest pedogenesis and summer monsoon enhancement is observed to occur during 43–36 ka BP, which is not observed in climatic records outside Tibet, probably indicating a coherent enhancement of Asian and Tibetan summer monsoons in the last mega-interstadial (MIS3). Increase of organic matter excluding decomposition and change of soil types from last interglacial calcic cambisols to Holocene chernozems suggests an increase of relative humidity, implying partially an increase of elevation due to late Pleistocene rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.
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方小敏, Xiaomin Fang a, b, Carmala Garzione c, Rob Van der Voo d, Jijun Li a, Majie Fan a
Earth and Planetary Science Letters 210(2003)545-560,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
This study provides a detailed magnetostratigraphic record of subsidence in the Linxia Basin, documenting a 27 Myr long sedimentary record from the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. Deposition in the Linxia Basin began at V29 Ma and continued nearly uninterruptedly until V1.7 Ma. Increasing rates of subsidence between 29 and 6 Ma in the Linxia Basin suggest deposition in the foredeep portion of a flexural basin and constrain the timing of shortening in the northeastern margin of the plateau to Late Oligocene^Late Miocene time. By Late Miocene^Early Pliocene time, a decrease in subsidence rates in the Linxia Basin associated with thrust faulting and a V10‡ clockwise rotation in the basin indicates that the deformation front of the Tibetan plateau had propagated into the currently deforming region northeast of the plateau. 9 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Asia, magnetostratigraphy,
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方小敏, FANG Xiaomin, , SHI Zhentao, YANG Shengli, YAN Maodu, LI Jijun & JIANG Ping'an
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-1年11月30日
Eolian loess is widely distributed on the various geomorphic surfaces between 7002400 m a.s.l. on the northern slope of the Tian Shan. It is formed in a synchronous manner with dust transported from the Gurbantunggut Desert in the Junggar Basin. The thickest section of loess was found in the Shawan and Shihezi regions. Paleomagnetic and climatic proxy analyses of over 71 m of a loess-paleosol sequence on the highest terrace of the Qingshui He (River) in the Shawan show that the paleomagnetic Bruhues/Matuyama (B/M) boundary lies at the bottom of paleosol S8, at a depth of 69.5 m, and the bottom of the sequence was estimated to be ~0.8 Ma. This implies that the extremely dry climatic conditions in the Junggar Basin and the initial Gurbantunggut Desert were present at least by 0.8 Ma. High-resolution grain size series demonstrate that this area and desert expansion experienced two dramatic periods of desert expansions that occurred at 0.65 Ma and 0.5 Ma, respectively; and the subsequent continuous enhancement led to the environment presently observed. This tremendous environmental effect, caused by large-scale expansion of the desert and arid region of inner Asia, might be an important driving force for the global temperature drop that occurred in the mid-Pleistocene.
Tian Shan loess,, Gurbantunggut Desert,, aridification,, global change.,
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方小敏, FANG Xiaomin, L
SCIENCE IN CHINA (Series D), 2002, 45(4):289-299,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Loess on the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains is the synchronous deposition of the Taklimakan Desert. The paleomagnetism and climatic records of an over 80 m loess-paleosol sequence on the highest river terrace at the foot of Kunlun Mountains show that the loess formed at ~ 880 ka B.P., suggesting a roughly synchronous occurrence of the present-like air circulation and extremely dry climate and the initial desert. The uplift of the Tibetan-Pamir Plateau and Tian-shan Mountains may initiate these events. The rise of the plateau and adjacent mountains caused the drying and desertification of China inland and Tarim Basin, which was dramatically enhanced at~500 ka B.P., leading the desert to expand to its present scale. Global change just overprints this drying trend. Local climate response to global change both in long-term evolution and glacial-interglacial cycles manifests that the stronger the westerlies, the more the precipitation. But the heat-moisture pattern seems still similar to that in the Asian monsoon region.
Taklimakan Desert,, loess-paleosol,, westerly,, Tarim Basin,, Tibetan Plateau.,
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方小敏, Xiao-Min Fang a, b, Ji-Jun Li a, Rob Van der Voo b, *
Earth and Planetary Science Letters 165(1999)129-144,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Paleomagnetic, rock magnetic, and grain size studies of a thick loess sequence in the West Qin Ling (mountain range) show that loess deposition there began about 800 ka. The data reveal a progressively increasing coarse grain size fraction upwards into the Holocene. The averages of these coarse size fractions are higher than in the central Loess Plateau, which was apparently farther from the source area, and slightly lower than those of the western Loess Plateau and the eastern Tibetan Plateau, which were therefore closer to the source area. The coarsening and source area location suggest (1) that Asian air circulation may have changed and intensified at about 800 ka resulting in dust deposition in West Qin Ling; (2) that dust-carrying winds were driven not only by the Asian winter monsoon, but included also the westerlies and a winter monsoon caused by the Tibetan Plateau High, and (3) that intensification of all these air circulation systems continues to the present. Increased elevation of the Tibetan Plateau so that it reached into the cryosphere by about 800 ka and a subsequent persistent uplift of the plateau may have been the mechanisms to trigger a change and intensify the air circulation system. Moreover, this circulation shift and intensification, simultaneous with a shift in Milankovitch periodicity, may have contributed to large global climate changes such as the 15% increase in global ice volume at ca. 800 ka.
Brunhes Epoch, Matuyama Epoch, loess, grain size, Asia, monsoons, circulation, Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, uplifts
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方小敏, Xiao-Min Fang a, b, c, Yugo Ono b, Hitoshi Fukusawa c, Pan Bao-Tian a, Ji-Jun Li a, Guan Dong-Hong a, Keiichi Oi b, Sumiko Tsukamoto c, Masayuki Torii d, Toshiaki Mishima e
Earth and Planetary Science Letters 168(1999)219-232,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
The 28 m high-resolution Shajinping loess section in Lanzhou on the western Chinese Loess Plateau records a 60 ka, millennial summer monsoon variation. The record shows that Asian summer monsoons have rapid episodic pulse enhancements spanning only ca. 1-2 ka in high-frequency domain and having sub-Milankovitch cycles of progressive weakening in low frequency domain in the last glaciation. Soil formation seems to occur with a surprisingly fast response to these summer monsoon enhancements, resulting in weakly or moderately developed paleosol sequences. Both the pattern and timing of the summer monsoon enhancements show that they can be correlated to most major warm (Dansgaard-Oeschger) episodes and long-term cooling (Bond) cycles of the North Atlantic climatic records, indicating a possible teleconnection between tropic oceanic air masses and the North Atlantic climatic system. But differences exist for the transition of MIS 2=3 and the Holocene, where extraordinarily heavy dust-input events and fairly variable climatic fluctuations occur for the former and latter, respectively. A westerlies-swing model is proposed to interpret this link.
monsoons, paleoclimatology, climate effects, magnetic susceptibility, loess, Paleosols, Loess Plateau
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方小敏
Earth and Planetary Science Letters 146(1997)73-82,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
A high-resolution record of the Blake Event has been obtained from a 40 m well dug in a loess section at Jiuzhoutai in the City of Lanzhou in the western Loess Plateau of China. The paleomagnetic signal is principally carried by magnetite both in loess and paleosols. The Blake Event is located at the boundary between paleosol Sl-c of the last interglacial (equivalent to MIS 5e in deep-sea records) and loess L2-2 (MIS 5d), and is characterized by a triple feature consisting of two short reversed intervals separated by a short normal interval. The directional changes are abrupt, as previously revealed in other records, and suggest geocentric dipole field behavior before, after and during the event, but not necessarily during N-R or R-N transitions. The age and duration of the event are estimated as between 119.97 and 114.47 kyr BP and 5.5 kyr, respectively, from thermoluminescence dating and astronomically tuned climate stratigraphy based on high-resolution magnetic susceptibility.
paleomagnetism, Brunhes Epoch, Loess Plateau
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方小敏, FANG Xiaomin, , HAN Yongxiang, MA Jinghui, SONG Lianchun, YANG Shengli & ZHANG Xiaoye
Chinese Science Bulletin 2004 Vol. 49 No.9 953-960,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Whether the Tibetan Plateau is a significant dust source area is of great importance, because this is related to the understanding of sources, accumulation and environmental effects of dusts on the Tibetan Plateau and in the Far East-Pacific Ocean regions as well as to the evolution of coupling of the Tibetan Plateau and atmosphere-ocean-continent exchange. Synoptic dynamics and remote sensing tracing of a dust storm on 3 to 5 March, 2003 in Lhasa on South Tibet demonstrate that the Tibetan Plateau possesses all factors and conditions of generating dust storms. Accompanied with this dust storm is a strong ascending stream on the Plateau which has raised various sizes of dust particles into different levels. The lifted coarse particles were largely fallen down and accumulated as loess on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, and the fine particles were translated by the westerly jet and subsided in the northern Pacific Ocean. The spatial-temporal distribution of dust-storms between years 1961 and 2000 on the Plateau shows that dust-storms mainly occur in winter and early spring with high frequency, and the path of dust storm moves gradually from south to north, which is closely coupled with the northward moving of the westerly jet from winter to spring over the Tibetan Plateau. Compared with other twelve dust source areas in China, the Tibetan Plateau is one of the key dust source areas for the long-distance transport because its high occurring frequency and elevation cause fine particles easily to be lifted into the zone of the westerly jet.
Tibetan Plateau,, dust storm,, dust source areas,, Tibetan loess.,
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