基于国内外砾石土心墙料-反滤料联合抗渗研究成果，比较砾石土料单独抗渗与砾石土心墙料-反滤料联合抗渗性能，总结砾石土心墙料-反滤料联合抗渗机理、抗渗规律和联合抗渗模型的研究进展以及保护砾石土料的反滤准则，并提出这一领域待研究的关键问题。

本文采用Geo-studio 2007 中的等效线性模型对某高心墙堆石坝进行了二维动力反应分析。探讨了不同地震波分量和地震波峰值加速度对坝体动位移和加速度的影响。在地震波作用下，坝体最大水平及竖向动位移均随深度的增加而递减，最大值都出现在坝顶处。坝顶水平动位移的反应周期比竖向动位移的反应周期约大一倍。坝顶最大加速度的放大系数为4倍左右。计算中是否计入竖向地震波对坝体的水平动力反应影响很小，但对坝体的竖向动力反应影响较明显。在只考虑水平地震波的情况下，坝顶最大动位移随地震波峰值加速度的增加呈近似线性增加。坝顶最大水平和竖向加速度均随地震波峰值加速度的增加而增加，水平加速度放大系数随其增加而减小，竖向加速度放大系数变化不明显。

防渗料在高水头作用下是否发生渗透破坏，在很大程度上取决于设置在其后的反滤料对防渗料的保护效果。利用自行改造的竖向渗透破坏仪，在大量砾石土防渗料和反滤料的竖向联合渗透破坏试验的基础上，研究了防渗料砾石含量、干密度及反滤料的级配、干密度和厚度对防渗料与反滤料联合抗渗性能的影响规律。分析了试验过程中初始临界坡降的出现机理和自滤反滤层的形成过程。研究表明，试样的初始临界坡降随防渗料和反滤料干密度的增大而增大，随防渗料砾石含量、反滤料控制粒径D15的增大而减小，随反滤料厚度的增加而增大。

利用自行研制的可提供高水压、高应力的粗粒土大型高压渗透仪，对双江口砾石土心墙堆石坝防渗料和反滤料进行了联合抗渗试验，研究不同应力状态下防渗料和反滤料的渗透变形特性。结果表明：（1）单向压缩条件下，防渗料的渗透系数随应力的增加而减小，且渗流稳定时的渗透系数与应力的关系满足Louis 负指数方程；试样发生破坏的临界坡降随应力的增加而增大。（2）水平加荷、竖向自由变形条件下，试样的渗透系数随水平应力的增加先减小后增大。试样发生破坏的临界坡降随水平应力的增加先增大后减小。在达到峰值之前，反滤料越松或越细，临界坡降随水平应力增大的幅度越大；在达到峰值之后，反滤料越密或越细，临界坡降随应力减小的幅度越大。

一般对土石坝进行渗流分析时都未考虑坝体的应力场对渗流场的影响，然而，在土石坝的蓄水过程中，坝体内的应力状态复杂且变化大，对渗流场的影响也较大。因此，忽略应力场对渗流场的影响必然造成一定的误差。用有限元方法对心墙堆石坝体蓄水过程中考虑和不考虑应力场影响的渗流场进行对比分析，计算结果表明，渗流-应力耦合作用下，坝体局部压密变形，渗透流速减小，心墙下游出逸区域的水力坡降峰值明显高于非耦合值。因此，渗流分析时有必要考虑应力场的影响，否则会得出偏于危险且对工程不利的结果。

利用新型研制的可提供高水压的粗粒土大型高压渗透仪，对双江口砾石土心墙堆石坝防渗料和反滤料进行了大型联合抗渗试验，在大量巨粒砾石土防渗料和反滤料的联合渗透破坏试验的基础上，研究不同防渗料砾石含量以及反滤料的级配和干密度对防渗料和反滤料联合抗渗性能的影响规律。试验结果表明：反滤料级配和干密度变化对试样渗透性的影响远小于防渗料掺砾量变化的影响。试样的临界坡降随着防渗料的掺砾量增加而减小，随反滤料的干密度变大而增大，反滤料的级配变粗而显著减小。在实际工程中为保证反滤料对防渗料的保护效果，应严格控制反滤料的下限级配和干密度即反滤控制孔径值。

On May 12, 2008, a massive earthquake occurred along the Longmen Mountain Central Fault in Sichuan Province, China, causing serious damages to buildings near the fault. As the Longmen Mountain Central Fault and the Anterior Fault both traversed Dujiangyan and Pengzhou cities, the seismic intensity in these areas reached levels IX-XI. Therefore, these two cities were among the most seriously damaged regions. In this article, the types of damage to buildings in the two cities and their affiliated towns or villages are investigated and reported. It is found that the damage to a building is related to its structure type, distance from the faults, and so on. The results provide valuable information on the seismic resistance of buildings in similar areas.

On May 12 2008，an Ms 8.0 earthquake occurred on the Longmen Mountain Fault in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, China. Based on the reported earthquake intensity and surface displacement distributions in the affected areas, the damages to buildings in high intensity areas were investigated. This paper focused on the buildings in Yingxiu Town, Wenchuan County. The unreasonable structural design and structural type were found to be the main reason for the damages of buildings. The geological environment problems of the residential area were also discussed. This research would provide valuable reference for scientific earthquake-resistance design and reconstruction after earthquake disaster.

Piled retaining wall is a new type of railway retaining structure in China. In current design, the retaining wall, the beam and the piles are assumed as independent components. Both the mutual action of retaining wall, piles and beam and the influence of the soil or rock foundation on the structure are not fully considered, so that there are some limitations in the current design method. In this paper, using field observation and three-dimensional finite element analysis, the lateral earth pressure on the wall back, the stress distributions and the forces of the reinforcements in the beam and the pile were studied. The simulation results were in good agreement with the field observation data. These results revealed that the tensile stresses were very small and the stresses were positive in most zones in the beam and the pile. It can also be found that the tensile stresses or forces in the beam and pile obtained in this study were much smaller than those obtained using the current design method. This clarified that the current design method used for the beam and the pile was very conservative and it should be optimized to consider the effect of the foundation on the whole structure and the interaction among the different components.

利用大型渗透变形仪，对不同最大粒径和细粒含量的缺级粗粒土的渗透破坏特性进行了系统的试验研究。研究结果表明，缺级粗粒土在细料含量<30%的情况下都发生管涌型渗透破坏，基本符合前人提出的判别流土和管涌的准则。管涌破坏的类型可划分为发展性管涌和非发展性管涌两种，采用刘杰和康德拉且夫对发展性和非发展性管涌的判别方法都不能区分本次试验的管涌破坏类型。本文在康德拉且夫提出的判别粗粒土管涌类型的方法的基础上，考虑细料对粗料孔隙的填充程度及试样中缺级颗粒百分含量的影响建立了缺级粗粒土管涌类型的判别式，为缺级粗粒土管涌类型的判别提供了新的思路和方法。