An ASTER image covering the south Chocolate Mountains area, California, U.S.A. was evaluated for gold-related lithologic mapping and alteration mineral detection. A supervised classifier was first applied to the 14-channel ASTER radiance data to map lithologies related to gold deposits. Subsequently, four alteration indices were extracted from the six SWIR channels and transformed to delineate alteration zones using a PCA transformed mineralogic indices approach. Finally, a subpixel unmixing algorithm, the constrained energy minimization (CEM) technique was used to detect significant alteration minerals using the ASTER VNIR and SWIR surface reflectance data and reference spectra from the ASTER spectral library. The classification results show that the ASTER data were capable of mapping flood basalt, quartz-biotite gneiss, muscovite schist, granitic, volcanic, and metasedimentary rock units. The ASTER-derived rock units show excellent correlation with those on the reference geologic map. The overall classification accuracy is 82% and the Kappa coefficient 0.76. A group of gneisses, locally the most favorable host rocks of gold deposits, were mapped with the ASTER data with a Producer's accuracy of 86%, and more importantly were also mapped in some areas that were not shown on the field geologic map. Four alteration minerals: alunite, kaolinite, muscovite and montmorillonite were detected by subpixel unmixing analysis of the ASTER reflectance data. This study compared different methods for extracting mineralogic information from ASTER data, compared the remotely derived maps to the mapped field geology, and used the ASTER data to map minerals and lithologies related to gold exploration.

An empirical comparison of the EO-1 Hyperion, EOS ASTER, and Landsat ETM sensors was performed to examine the utility of these three sensors for gold-associated lithologic mapping in the southeastern Chocolate Mountains area, California. Three images were evaluated with respect to three aspects: classification accuracy, matched filtering score index and separability of the five significant rock types in the study area. The results show that the classifications from Hyperion and ASTER data are mostly similar with an overall accuracy of over 85 percent and kappa coefficient 0.81. Due to the presence of more SWIR and thermal bands, the Hyperion and ASTER images can achieve better lithologic mapping than ETM. The assessment of matched filtering score index and the separability also supports these findings. Hyperion can discriminate more similar classes than ASTER and ETM, while the better availability and spatial coverage makes the ASTER sensor more suitable for large-area lithologic mapping.

EO-1 Hyperion传感器是第一个可以获取可见光与近红外以及短波红外波长范围光谱信息的星载高光谱传感器。本文以美国最早的金矿采矿区之一，加利福尼亚州东南巧克力山的Rainbow金矿区作为研究案例，探讨了Hyperion数据的预处理方法，专题信息提取与填图，评估了Hyperion高光谱数据在识别与金矿有关的岩性类型的应用价值。结果表明，本文所提出的Hyperion数据预处理方法是有效的，MNF方法能有效用于Hyperion数据维数的降低和数据冗余的去除以及分类特征的提取。最大似然分类器能够有效地从Hyperion高光谱数据中提取与金矿相关的重要岩体信息，所得到的岩性单元与地质图上对应的岩性分布具有很好的一致性。岩体分类的总精度为86％ 。该研究表明，Hyperion高光谱数据能够很好识别有细微光谱差别的岩性，因而在地质学研究与找矿领域有着良好的应用前景。

The visualization of multivariate geospatial data is an important concern in environmental modeling, exploratory data analysis, and geographic/spatial applications. This paper presents an icon-based visualization technique designed for co-visualizing multiple layers of geospatial information. Icon imagemaps are based on a three-tiered image structure consisting of pixel, icon block, and image levels. In icon imagemaps it is icons rather than pixels that form meaningful visualization primitives. Graphically versatile aggregate icon constructs take several visual variables into consideration, such as color, length, width, orientation, shape, size, pattern, and texture, and thus can carry more information than conventional pixel images. The extension from pixels to icons in the icon imagemap technique enables raster GIS to represent multiple variables at a single location in the “simple” raster data model. The IconMapper software system was developed as an implementation of the icon imagemap visualization technique. The modeling of terrain traversability in the Las Vegas area was used as an example to test the usefulness of this visualization technique. This paper describes the icon imagemap approach (concept and design issues) and its implementation as a software tool. The relative simplicity and flexibility of the icon imagemap approach makes it a powerful tool for non-fused visualization of multivariate geospatial data.

利用空间信息系统所提供的强大空间数据处理和分析能力，并将之与统计分析软件包的统计分析功能进行有效的集成，建立了基于空间统计分析的可持续发展定量分析评价模型(SBSA)。从在缅甸中部Myingyan县的应用实倒来看，该模型能够揭示影响Myingyan县可持续发展能力的主导因子，通过对这些因子和可持续发展综合指数的定量化、空间化的分析,为政府部门规划区域综合发展方案，制定发展政策提供很好的决策支持。

The functionality of spatio-temporal analysis and modeling is a drive for Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to further applications in various applied fields and Digital Earth plan. However, currently commercial GIS systems lack those capabilities for spatiotemporal distribution, prediction, and simulation of spatiotemporal data. So more effective and powerful modeling methods need to be developed Cellular Automaton Model(CA)provides GIS with a bottom-to-top spatiotemporal modeling frame, which is composed of a fourfold: ceils, states, neighbors and rules. The simplicity and flexibility make CA able to simulate a variety of behaviors of complex systems. In order to meet the needs of spatiotemporal simulation under GIS environment, the standard CA is extended to GIS Context about the concept of cells, system time and transition rules. Based on these extensions, severa1 factors affecting urban evolution are simulated on a virtual city. Then Urban Landose Evolution Simulation and Prediction Model (LESP) was established by integrating GIS with ECA, Finally, to take Baotou City as an example, LESP model was used to simulate Baotou City expansion process. The initial time is 1992 when land use data were acquired by aerial photography. The change data collected by differential GPS are used for model calibration. The appropriate extents of Baotou City development in 1998. 2008 and 2020 are simulated The result of 1998 is consistent with the surveyed data with GPS. Thus, the established model can be used as a virtual lab for decision support in urban planning and land policy-making.

在解决请如工业选址的空间问题时，空间决策支持系统(SDSS)避免了流行的商用GIS软件在空间信息的分析评价、时空分布、预测和模拟以及决策等模型分析功能的不足。该文提出了建立SDSS的两种基本途径:一是利用现有GIS与分析决策模型进行集成联结生成SDSS；另一种途径是自行开发具有空间数据管理和分析决策模型的一体化SDSS 前者开发周期短 费用较低，但系统的一体化程度差；后者由于全部软件都需要重新开发，因此开发周期长，费用高，但优点是系统一体化程度高，运行稳定，效率高，是真正的SDSS 并以建立区域农业可持续发展决策支持系统为实例，说明建立SDSS的方法。最后 该文探讨了SDSS的发展趋势。

土地利用数据的更新是土地管理工作的重要内容之一。依靠常规的手段不仅更新速度慢、难以主动发现变化区域,而且成图周期长、误差大。依靠遥感（RS）手段可以主动快速地发现变化区域，运用差分GPS技术可以精确获取土地利用变化的数量和性质，GIS则是管理土地利用的图形数据和属性数据（如土地利用类型、权属、图斑号等）的有效工具。基于RS、GIS和GPS的集成技术建立面向工程目标的土地利用动态监测新方法是本文研究。

提出了运用移动差分 GPS技术获取土地利用变化信息的新方法。该方法在包头市郊区县进行了实验 ,结果证明与传统测量方法相比 ,具有快速、准确 ,操作简便的优点 ,GPS数据输入 GIS,可以快速成图。

Form the macroscopical-ecology point of view, base on remote sensing measure of region ecological capital evaluation’s character, consider the possibility and reliability of acquire the data, we developed regional ecological capital assessment index in remote sensing measure. The paper calculate the total ecological capital from nine kind of ecological value. Base on the research achievements of the methodology of calculating per unit area ecological service value and the support of RS, GPS and GIS, the RS-based quantitative measurement of assessing the ecological capital developed by using the Landsat TM data, CBERS satellite data, meteorological data, MODIS satellite data and ecological data. We divided the study site to four ecological district and assess the ecological capital quantitative. A case study on the Spatial Analysis of the assessment of ecological capital in Changji Hui autonomous in 1990, 1995 and 2003 is carried out. Maps of the spatial distribution of ecological capital in the study area are charted, and the characteristics of the spatial distribution of ecological capital are analyzed.