Lingzhi is the Chinese name given to the Ganoderma family of mushrooms, which was considered the most valuable medicine in ancient China and was believed to bring longevity, due to its mysterious power of healing the body and calming the mind. Today, Lingzhi is still widely revered as a valuable health supplement and herbal medicine worldwide, as studies (mostly conducted in China, Korea, Japan and the United States) into the medicinal and nutritional values of Lingzhi revealed that it does indeed contain certain bioactive ingredients (such as triterpenes and polysaccharides) that might be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of a variety of ailments, including important diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, hepatitis, cancers, and AIDS. As research into the biological activities of Lingzhi, as well as the quality assurance and quality control of Lingzhi products, require the isolation/purification of active ingredients from Lingzhi, followed by subsequent analytical and/or preparative separations, the present review summarizes the various chromatographic and electrophoretic methods (as well as sample pretreatment methods) typically employed to achieve such extraction/separation procedures.

Modern extraction and planar chromatographic instrumentation were employed for the fingerprint profiling of carbohydrates from an important and popular medicinal mushroom commonly known as Lingzhi. For the first time, the feasibility of employing the high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) peak profiles (fingerprints) of carbohydrates for the screening of various Lingzhi species/products was demonstrated. An analytical procedure was developed such that upon acid hydrolysis of the polysaccharides extracted from various Lingzhi samples, fingerprint profiles that reveal the relative amounts of the degradation products, such as mono- and oligosaccharides, can be obtained usingHPTLCplates (Si 50 000) for separation and 4-aminobenzoic acid as the post-chromatographic derivatization reagent for detection. Also, using automated multiple development (AMD), the acid hydrolyzates from Lingzhi, consisting of simple and more complex sugars, can be separated simultaneously with high degree of automation. An important finding was that unique fingerprint patterns were observed in the monosaccharide profiles between two highly valued Lingzhi species, Ganoderma applanatum and Ganoderma lucidum, under total or partial acid hydrolysis conditions. Additionally, the HPTLC fingerprint profiles of carbohydrates were obtained from the extracts of the spores and fruiting bodies of Lingzhi and compared.

A sensitive and specific liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC–ESI-MS) is described for quantitation of salbutamol in human urine using nadolol as the internal standard (I.S.). Urine samples were hydrolyzed with -glucuronidase followed by a solid-phase extraction procedure using Bond Elut-Certify cartridges. TheHPLCcolumnwas an Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 column.Amixture of 0.01Mammonium formate buffer (pH 3.5) acetonitrile (85:15, v/v) was used as the mobile phase. Analytes were quantitated using positive electrospray ionization in a quadrupole spectrometer. Selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode was used to monitor m/z 166 for salbutamol and m/z 310 for I.S. Good linearity was obtained in the range of 10.0–2000.0 ng/ml. The limit of quantification was 10.0 ng/ml. The intra- and inter-run precision, calculated from quality control (QC) samples was less than 7.3%. The accuracy as determined from QC samples was within ±2.6%. The method was applied for determining excretion curves of salbutamol.

阐述了电喷雾的基本原理和电喷雾产生离子的本质，介绍了电喷雾质谱法在推断离子的电荷态、解析多电荷离子的断裂过程、分析特异性生物分子2有机分子复合物以及与HPLC、CE 联用等方面的应用特点。

用网格搜索寻优法确定了分离6种青霉索类药物的薄层色谱溶剂系统。采用均匀设计法安排初始实验，借助计算机进行网格搜索寻优计算，在硅胶GF254板上成功地分离了青霉素钠、苯唑青霉索钠、磺苄青霉索钠、氨苄青霉索钠、氧哌嚷青霉素钠和羧苄青霉素钠，方法简便、有效。

利用二维薄层色谱技术分离了人参茎叶中的总皂甙，并首次采用标准随行法，对人参皂甙单体Re进行了二维薄层扫描定量分析。扫描测定与数据处理由与岛津CS-9000薄层扫描仪在线连接的386微机中运行的2D Analysis软件控制，定性鉴别于自制沉降硅胶H板上进行。将样品溶液点于板左下角，并在过该点且分别平行于两边缘的直线上（板左上方与右下方）点五种人参皂甙单体标准品的混合溶液作为一维随行对照。以氯仿-甲醇-水（21.0:11.0:4.0，下层）为第Ｉ向展开剂，正丁醇-乙酸乙酯-水（4.0:1.01.0）为第Ｉ向展开剂，用香草醛-浓硫酸显色剂喷雾显色，分离得35个斑点。根据R值及斑点颜色作鉴别，即从相应的两个一维对照斑点引出平行线的交点的物质即为同一物质。定量分析在自制普通硅胶H板上进行。利用反对角线技术，将一个样品和两个Re标准品以等间隔点在板左下角的反对角线上，用外标两点法测定样品中的Re含量。采用反射法矩齿扫描，自动峰体积检测，定性鉴别的扫描波长为600nm，Re定量分析的测定波长为480nm。测得Re含量的相对标准偏差为3.6%。加样回收率为106.0%。

鉴定沙美特罗在小鼠尿中的主要代谢产物。方法：给药后，收集小鼠尿液，经固相提取，葡萄糖醛酸酶水解，进行LC/MS/MS分析和硅烷化后进行GC/MS分析同时分离鉴定沙美特罗代谢产物。结果和结论：在给药后尿样中发现沙美特罗原型和4种代谢产物M1～M4，其结构推测为19-羟基沙美特罗（M1）、2-羰基沙美特罗（M2）、9-羰基沙美特罗(M3)和19-羟基-8-甲氧基沙美特罗（M4）。