采用上流式厌氧复合床（UBF）反应器以某化工厂生产废水（含大量环己烷、环己醇及少量硫酸钠）为处理对象对反应器的启动和运行特性进行了试验研究，结果表明当COD容积负荷（VLR）为2.12kg/m3•d时，其COD去除率最高（82%），反应器中形成厌氧颗粒污泥。试验验证了UBF在处理高浓度难降解废水时，具有启动快和运行稳定的特点。

The performance of two-phase anaerobic in a laboratory-scale operating on traditional Chinese pharmaceutical industrywastewater at various hydraulic retention times was investigated. Wastewaters produced in the traditional Chinese pharmaceutical industry are characterized by their high organic content, most of it being composed by hard biodegradable compounds as carbohydrate, anthracene, lignine, alkaloid, dye and their hydrolysates, etc. The reactor designed based on two-phase anaerobic principles was analyzed with GC-MS (Demirer and Chen, 2005). The effect of controlling the pH of the wastewater digestion on the biogas production rate and pollution potential reduction was also investigated. The reactorwas designed to act as a liquid-solid separator, in order to maximize the microbial mass in it, andwas operated at different hydraulic retention times (Borja et al., 2005). It operated as a two-phase reactor when the pH of the wastewater was controlled in the methanogenic phase. The results of experiment indicate that after two-phase anaerobic reaction, organics in wastewater, rather than being reduced, are increasing because of the emergence of some small-molecule compounds resulting from hydrolyzation and acidification in acidifier. Some insoluble organics are degraded into soluble ones, which reduce the number of suspended matters in wastewater. Big-molecule compounds defying degradation are degraded into small-molecule ones easy to degrade (Ke et al., 2005). The use of GC-MS in research on two-phase anaerobic process properties further proves the importance of acidification phase in treatment process and clarifies the mechanism of two-phase anaerobic treatment technique. After the final treatment of reactor producing methane, species and contents of compound contained in treated wastewater are obviously reduced.

As a high-rate anaerobic treatment system, Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) has many advantages over other anaerobic reactors. Due to its unique structures, ABR reactor enables every compartment to develop microbial populations harmony with compartment environment, thus the reactor CODcr has the ability of high removal ratio and strong resistance to shock load (Lettinga et al., 1997). In this study, the process characteristics and operational stability of Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) used in the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing starch and glucose as substrates were deeply investigated, as well as the implementation of multiphase separation in the ABR. The experimental results indicated that, when the ABR was maintained at the ambient temperature of 33-40◦C and at the volume load of 0.59-11.05 kg COD/m3 d, each compartment of the ABR reactor can successfully cultivate the microbial populations that were well adapted to environmental conditions of the compartment (Sakkis and Uyanik, 2003). After a period of reactor operation, a good phase separation of microbial community in the reactor was achieved with the CODcr removal efficiency as high as above 90% and strong capability in resisting shock loading (Belinda Sue McSwain, 2005). The microbial omposition of every compartment gradually changed along with the biological phase-separation, the front compartment was predominated by hydrolysis and acid producing bacteria, and the behindcompartment mainly focuses onmethane-producing bacteria. Meanwhile the ABR reactorwas stable in operation throughout the experiment.

A systematic study was conducted on the anaerobic biotreatment characteristics of cyclohexanone processingwastewater. The study was researched on the starting and running ofhomemadeUBF reactor that adopted cyclohexanone processingwastewater (it included cyclohexanone, cyclohexanol, cyclohexane and so on while the CODCr was 10,000-40,000mg/L, pH was 1-4, besides these compounds, the wastewater still contained organic acids, Na2SO4, oil and a little of benzene) which was pretreated by flocculation-Fe/C micro electrolysis-pH adjusting as influent. The optimal controls parameters were gained by study. The optimal parameters: When VLR was 2.36-3.26 kg COD/m3 d, the COD removing efficiency was 61.74-65.86%. The pilot scale project disposed the sewage successfully depending on the studying results and practice. After 4 months's debugging, the water quality accord with the technical norms.

In order to investigate the adverse effects of salt on microbial flora, a study of anaerobic treatment of monosodium l-glutamate fermentation wastewater with high calcium chloride concentration and high COD concentration was carried out using a laboratoryscale UASB reactor. An anaerobic sludge culture obtained from a beer brewage plant was used as the seed. The results indicated that: without acclimation, there was no evident inhibition performance when the chloride ion concentration was under 4500mg/L, while inhibition level obtained at a chloride ion concentration of 5000mg/L. However, a preferable COD removal rate could be achieved after acclimation, and the chloride ion inhibition level exceeded to 25,000 mg/L (3% CaCl2). When the salt concentration level was between 1 and 3% (CaCl2), the average COD removal rate could be above 80% at around 5000 mg/L COD initial concentration and 24 h hydraulic retention time.

The start-up of two-phase UASB reactor (Ke et al., 2005) designed for experiment is investigated in this paper, so as to seek the rapid start-up method. Glucose and starch are used as the organic-carbon source of the synthetic wastewater in the experiment (Show et al., 2004). Starting up at low organic loading, the influent COD is increased quickly and HRT is shortened by stages, so that acidogenic phase can work in acidic optimal condition as soon as quickly. After 36 days of operation, 69% of total bioparticles are more than 1.0mm, and most of the granular diameter is between 2mm and 3mm in acidogenic reactor. So acidogenic phase achieves rapid start-up successfully (Ren et al., 2005).

味精尾母液废水COD浓度极高同时含有大量氯离子。采用UASB反应器对味精尾母液废水进行处理，其中接种污泥来自啤酒厂UASB反应器。实验表明:当氯离子浓度在4500mg/L以下时，对厌氧微生物没有明显的抑制作用；5000mg/L的氯离子浓度可以看作一个抑制限值，但经过驯化后，仍可获得较好的COD去除效果；当氯离子浓度达到8000mg/L左右时，COD平均去除率在80%以上。

在两相厌氧反应器的基础上,进行了产甲烷UASB中颗粒污泥的快速培养及特性研究。采用低负荷启动方式,通过快速提高进水COD和缩短水力停留时间使产甲烷UASB在最佳条件下运行，36d后产甲烷UASB中粒径>1.0mm的颗粒污泥占64%，出水COD稳定在300mg/L以下,可认为颗粒污泥培养成功。颗粒污泥的成熟经历了形成不规则核心、挤压架桥、分割成长、修剪长大四个阶段,加速污泥颗粒化的因素包括适宜的生长环境、良好的水力特征等。

针对试验设计的两相厌氧反应器（TPAD）进行启动研究，寻求快速启动的方法。试验采用人工配水，以淀粉、葡萄糖作为主要碳源。采用低负荷启动方式，快速提高进水ρ（CODCr），缩短水力停留时间（HRT），使产酸相尽快维持在酸性最佳条件下。间歇投加粉末状CaO调节产酸相出水pH在7.0±0.3，从而保证产甲烷相在最佳条件下。经过36d的启动过程，在产酸反应器和产甲烷反应器中均出现了性能良好的厌氧颗粒污泥。启动后第36天，当两相厌氧反应器的水力停留时间（HRT）为17.03h，CODCr负荷（VLR）为8.46kg/（m3•d），水力负荷为0.059m3/（m2•h）时，系统整体CODCr去除率达到最优，为96.66%.

论述了两相厌氧消化（TPAD）的原理、相分离的方法、影响因素和评价指标及国内外研究应用现状，展望了在废水处理领域中的广阔前景。