The distributions of PNA binding glycoconjugates in the plasma membrane of Acrida cinerea Thunberg germ cells were detected using biotin labeled PNA, for better understanding of the formation and changes of glycoconjugates during oogenesis. The ultrastructure of vitellogenesis also was observed by electron microscopy for detection of the origin and track of vitelline material. In the ovary, PNA receptors appeared in the oocyte cytoplasm of the second phases of oo-genesis; positive granules gradually increased from the third phase to the fourth, and they exhibited a maximum expres-sion before the vitellogennic stage in the cytoplasm of the oocyte. From the vitellogennic to chorionation stage, positive granules gradually declined. Binding sites on follicle cells were changed with their morphological variation in every stage of oogenesis. The vitelline of A 1cinerea formed within the oocyte by degrees. The results suggest that PNA receptors and yolk materials are synthesized by the oocyte at an early period. With the development of the oocyte, some exogeous mate-rials from two sources act as PNA receptors and others take part in vitelline synthesis. One is blood lymph that offers some useful materials to the oocyte directly through follicle cell gaps; the other are follicle cells that produce and transmit some materials to oocyte to support vitellogenesis. In addition, PNA receptors secreted by follicle cells participate in the forma-tion of yolk membrane [Acta Zoologica Sinica 51 (5): 932-939, 2005].

利用还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NADPH）黄递酶组织化学方法，对瘦露螽Phaneroptera gracilis Burmeister 配子发生中一氧化氮合酶（nitric oxide synthase, NOS）分布进行了定位研究。结果表明，一氧化氮合酶阳性反应发生在瘦露螽精子发生中的各级生精细胞的胞质中，成熟精子呈阴性。各级未成熟卵母细胞胞质均呈一氧化氮合酶阳性反应，胞质着色为深蓝黑色，核区不明显。随着卵黄颗粒的逐渐形成，胞质中的一氧化氮合酶阳性产物逐渐减少，直到卵黄颗粒完全形成。卵泡细胞在卵黄颗粒形成之前呈一氧化氮合酶阴性反应，在卵黄颗粒完成后，卵泡细胞的胞质中开始呈一氧化氮合酶阳性反应，直至卵壳的形成。提示一氧化氮参与了瘦露螽配子发生。

Jun氨基末端激酶（Jun N-terminal kinase, JNK）是一种重要的细胞信号传递者。它参与了细胞生长、分化、程序性死亡等生理过程，而且在调节上皮细胞运动和形态发生等方面也起着重要作用。大量研究证实，在果蝇Drosophila的背闭合行为（dorsal closure, DC）中，DJNK（Drosophila JNK）的调节是关键。文章就果蝇DC的发生过程以及DJNK信号途径的研究进展作一简要的综述。

通过对吉林省四平地区6个蝗虫优势种绿牧草蝗Omocestua viridulus （L.），黄胫小车蝗Oedaleus infernalis Sauss，素色异爪蝗Euchorthippus unicolor （Ikonn.），条纹异爪蝗E. vittatus Zheng，异翅负蝗Atractomorpha heteroptera B.-Bienko和长翅素木蝗Shirakacris shirakii （I.Bol.）的野外养殖，从成虫出现到死亡对6个蝗虫优势种卵巢季节动态变化进行了观察和测量研究。结果表明，（1）不同发育历期成虫体长变化差异不显著，而卵巢形态和体积变化差异显著；（2）卵巢发育具有明显的种间差异；（3）卵巢发育速度呈现先慢后快的增长模式；（4）6个蝗虫优势种卵巢发育符合5个发育级别的划分标准。

为研究昆虫卵泡刺激素（FSH）和黄体生成素（LH）的存在与分布，我们用免疫细胞化学染色技术对FSH和LH在尖唇散白蚁（Reticulitermes aculabialis）脑中的分布进行了定位研究。结果显示：FSH免疫阳性神经细胞及神经纤维分布在雌性繁殖蚁分飞期前脑的左叶、右叶及中部，雌性末龄若虫前脑的右叶，雄性繁殖蚁前脑的右叶；LH免疫阳性物质分布在雌、雄繁殖蚁前脑左叶；在工蚁和兵蚁中未见有FSH和LH免疫阳性物质存在。研究结果表明：FSH和LH在白蚁脑中的存在具有发育阶段特异性，并且有可能像其在脊椎动物中那样参与调节性腺发育及精卵成熟；可能调节繁殖蚁、兵蚁、工蚁的产生[动物学报50（2）：240-244，2004]。

目前，心理学、生物学、社会学等多个学科都在关注认知老化。文章从生物学的角度，论述了线粒体和认知老化的关系；介绍了线粒体在数量、分布及其能量供应，Ca2+浓度的维持，引发神经细胞凋亡，及线粒体基因等几个方面对认知老化产生的影响；描述了老化过程中线粒体功能失常引起的认知障碍；从而，为后人对认知老化产生机制的深入研究提供一定的理论依据。

利用透射电镜研究了中华稻蝗Oxya chinesis卵子发生中卵黄发生期的超微结构。卵黄发生初期，滤泡上皮细胞胞质内出现大量粗面内质网及线粒体等细胞器，可能与为卵母细胞提供营养有关。卵黄发生期卵母细胞胞质内卵黄球逐渐增多，它也许有多种来源。观察到环形片层结构，并讨论了其可能功能。

通过对黄脸油葫芦精子尾部形成过程4～10期超微结构的观察，发现该虫精子细胞发育至第6期轴丝微管束9+9+2完整形成；7 、8两期精子细胞内一些高尔基体、内质网膜系统结构包绕着轴丝；第9期精子细胞及成熟精子轴丝内副微管、双微管中的A微管、中央单微管内充满小圆柱状纤维；中心粒侧体纤维状，成熟精子的线粒体衍生体内不具纵嵴；细胞质膜外不具发达的糖蛋白套。通过比较发现该虫精子与蝗总科癞蝗科精子类型比较相似，同属于原始类型精子。

enesis were observed. In the testis sperm, FITC-LCA and FITC-ConA were mainly bound on the head and neck region. That is different from the mark pattern of spermatophore sperm, in which the nucleus, neck region and front of the tail showed obvious fluorescence mark, especially the acrosome complex and neck region exhibitedst ronger mark. The mark patterns of FITC-LCA and FITC-ConA were similar, though the former was distinctly clearer than the latter. But a little difference still exist s in both of them. For example in the ninth stage of spermatid, FITC-LCA mark is located on the spermatid head and neck region, and FITC-ConA mark on the spermatid head, neck and f ront of the tail region. When fixed germ cells were treated with PBS instead of lectin solution, or fixed cells were incubated with lectin solution, which have been treated with 011 mol/L specific sugar inhibitor, i.e.α-D-mannose for FITC-LCA and FITC-ConA, andα-D-glucose for FITC-ConA, no mark was observed on the cells. Those results indicate that FITC-LCA conjugated glycoconjugates has theα-D-mannose residue, and FITC-ConA conjugated glycoconjugates has theα2D2mannose andα-D-glucose residue. The investigations show that the changes in glycoconjugates dist ribution of cricket sperm is similar to those of other insects and mammals. The evidence exhibit that a common rule of the glycoconjugates dist ribution on the sperm surface is followed by most of animal sperm which may relate to the function of sperm physiology.

用孚尔根及甲基绿-派洛宁组织化学染色法了解北京油葫芦Teleogryllus mitratus （Burmeister）卵子发生各时期阶段中卵内DNA及RNA动态变化规律。在卵子发生的最初阶段，核中DNA的合成和复制最活跃，以后便慢慢减弱；而RNA则在第2阶段合成最旺盛。在卵子发生各个阶段，滤泡细胞中DNA，RNA均为阳性反应，并在卵细胞的卵黄形成期活动旺盛，为卵母细胞卵黄蛋白形成提供物质基础。卵子发生第4～6阶段，滤泡细胞开放时期，血淋巴内一些物质可能直接或间接通过滤泡细胞间隙进入卵母细胞内，参与卵母细胞的发育和构建。研究表明卵子发生初期卵母细胞的发育和物质构建主要以内源性合成积累为主，中后期则有外源性物质的参与。