The microbial community of a phosphate-removing activated sludge was analyzed according to the extracted 16S rDNA sequences. The sludge, which accumulated 5.6% P by weight, was obtained from a sequencing batch reactor treating a fatty-acid rich wastewater containing 108 mg l_1 total organic carbon (TOC), 14.0mg l_1 N and 16.2 mg l_1 P. The reactor at 25℃ and pH 7.6 removed over 96% TOC and 99.9% P from the wastewater. According to the 16S rDNA analysis of the 114 clones developed, the sludge had a diverse population, mainly comprising Proteobacteria (71.0%) and the Cytophaga Flavobacterium Bacteroides group (23.7%), plus a few species of Planctomycetales (2.6%), Verrucomicrobiales (1.8%) and Firmicutes (0.9%). Of the 114 clones, 36 (31.6%) were closely affiliated with Acinetobacter. However, Acinetobacter did not accumulate phosphate judging from the images of sludge samples hybridized with an Acinetobacter-specific probe and stained with a phosphate-specific dye. The identities of the phosphate-removing bacteria remain unclear.

回顾了国内外污水厌氧生物处理工艺的发展情况，着重分析了中国城市污水的特点以及厌氧生物处理工艺在城市生活污水处理中的应用情况。

研究了电化学氧化法除氨氮(NH3-N)的影响因素。结果表明：电化学氧化过程中，氨氮去除速率与氨氮的初始浓度无关；随着电流密度的增大，氨氮去除速率和能耗增加；高Cl-浓度或中性条件有利于氨氮的去除。城市污水处理实验表明，电解4h后，初沉池出水处理后氨氮浓度从26.8降为6.1mg·L-1；二沉池出水处理后氨氮浓度从19.9降为0.1mg·L-1，优于I类地表水环境质量标准。

Anacetate-rich wastewater, containing 170mg/L of total organic carbon (TOC), 13 mg/L of N, and 15 mg/L of P, wastreated using the enhanced biological phosphate removal (EBPR) process operated in a sequencing batch reactor. A slight change of pH of the mixed liquor from 7.0 to 6.5 led to a complete loss of phosphate-removing capability and a drastic change of microbial populations. The process steadily removed 94% of TOC and 99.9% of P from the wastewater at pH 7.0, but only 93% TOC and 17% of P 14 days after the pH was lowered to pH 6.5. The sludge contained 8.8% P at pH 7.0, but only 1.9% at pH 6.5. Based on 16S rDNA analysis, 64.8% of the clones obtained from the sludge at pH 7.0 were absent in the pH 6.5 sludge. The missing microbes, some of which were likely responsible for the phosphate removal at pH 7.0, included b-Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteriodetes/Chlorobi group, plus photosynthetic bacteria and Defluvicoccus of the a-Proteobacteria.Amongthem, the last two groups, which represented 9.3% and 10.1% of the EBPR sludge at pH 7.0, have rarely been reported in an EBPR system.

通过浸没式膜-生物反应器（SMBR）处理上海市城市内河水的试验，研究了反应器混合液中和2种疏水性不同的膜上污泥胞外聚合物（EPS）的量、组成、污泥特性及对膜过滤性能的影响。结果表明，混合液污泥中的溶解性EPS和固着性EPS比膜上污泥多，不同污泥的固着性EPS组分中蛋白质（EPSP）P多糖（EPSC）的大小顺序依次为混合液污泥<亲水膜污泥<疏水膜污泥。疏水膜污泥中溶解性EPS比亲水膜多，溶解性EPS和固着性EPS量及组分均有很大差异。混合液污泥的EPS流动性大，疏水性膜上污泥EPS的流动性较大。溶解性EPS对污泥特性及膜过滤性能影响较大。SMBR中亲、疏水性膜片上黏附的污泥的相对疏水性分别为53%、59%。比较2种膜片通量的变化发现，疏水性膜污染严重。

用一体浸没式膜生物反应器（SMBR）不同特性膜处理上海市城市内河道水，结果表明，SMBR对氨氮含量较高的富营养化河水，氨氮的去除率在90%以上，但对COD的平均去除率仅为50%。比较两种膜的运行性能，亲水性膜在运行通量和通量恢复能力上，均比疏水性膜优越。两种膜的出水水质几乎没有差异。

介绍了膨胀颗粒污泥床的结构工艺特性。综述了膨胀颗粒污泥床较其它厌氧反应器有优势的应用领域。如在低温条件下运行、处理低浓度废水特别是生活污水，以及对含高悬浮物和含毒性或抑制性物质废水的处理的研究结果与应用状况。同时介绍了为了达到水质排放要求。膨胀颗粒污泥床与其它新型工艺组合的研究现状与成果。

Over 99% of phenol was effectively degraded in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor at 55 1C with 40 h of hydraulic retention time (HRT) for a wastewater containing 630 mg/L of phenol, corresponding to 1500 mg/L of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and a loading rate of 0.9 g-COD/L/d. The maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMA) of the phenol-degrading sludge was 0.09 g-CH4-COD/g-volatile suspended solids (VSS)/d. Based on 16S rDNA analysis, a total of 21 operational taxonomy units (OTUs) were found in the sludge, of which eight (42.6% of the total population) were related to the sequences in the GenBank with similarity of over 97%, and 13 (79.6%) were affiliated with the known thermophilic species. Additional SMA data and phylogenetic analysis suggest that the degradation pathway of phenol for thermophilic sludge was likely via caproate, instead of benzoate as for the mesophilic sludge.

在室温、pH值6.7～7.2及充分曝气的条件下，于SBR反应器中，采用活性污泥处理分别以溶解性有机物苯甲酸钠和葡萄糖为底物的废水，发现曝气初期30min废水的COD去除率达90%以上，同时污泥细胞内的聚合物聚羟基丁酸酯(poly-β-hydroxybutyrate，简称PHB)和糖原含量快速增加。苯甲酸钠废水培养52d的污泥，在曝气30min内吸收的COD约有59%被转化为PHB，葡萄糖废水培养51d的污泥，在曝气10min内吸收的COD约有24.5%被转化为糖原而贮存在细胞内，这些胞内聚合物含量经240min曝气后基本回复至起始水平。

研究了用膨胀颗粒化污泥床（EGSB）反应器处理常温条件的城市污水。实验结果表明：在回流比为1∶1，水力停留时间(HRT)为2～24h范围内，城市污水经EGSB处理后，其出水平均ρCOD为78mg·L-1，ρSS为18mg·L-1，色度16，浊度12，pH7.5～pH8.3，满足城镇污水处理厂二级排放标准。出水ρCOD中，硫化物占约50%的比例，脱除出水中的硫化物是进一步降低ρCOD浓度的关键。在一定的范围内（1∶1～14∶1），回流比对出水ρCOD影响较少，但当回流比为18∶1，上升流速为3.8m·h-1时，污泥流失严重，出水恶化。