Demulsification of a synthetic water in oil(W/O)crude oil emulsion was studied by measuring wate-oil interfacial properties such as life time and thinning rate of oil film in the presence of various demulsifiers.The results indicated that the interfacial elasticity decreased both the strength and the life time of oil film and film thickness when adding the demulsifiers.The oil film broke when film thickness came to a critical level.As for a demulsifier,the interfacial elasticity was decreased with demulsifier concentration increase, and stayed constant above a critical demulsifier concentration.The rate of dewatering is related to interfacial elasticity.When different demulsifiers were compared,the more the interfacial elasticity was lowered,the more efficient was the dewatering.The mechanism of the different types of demulsifiers was discussed based on the experimental results.The demulsifiers partially replaced the emulsifiers,which led to the interfacial elasticity decreased.The effect of chemical structure of the demulsifiers on water-oil interfacial film was studied.

The interfacial tensions between solutions containing NaOH and ORS-41,and crude oil were demonstrated to be a function of the two components.Surfactant ORS-41 film characteristics changed as a function of the alkali concentration showing interactions between alkali and surfactant.The polyacrylamide has little effect on the surfactant monolayer at high surface pressure,but has considerable effect at low surface pressure.The w:o emulsion stability was kinetically determined through the use of the conventional bottle test.Both surfactant and alkali has a significant effect on emulsion stability.Polymer has little effect on the emulsion stability at higher ORS-41 concentrations.Emulsion stability varied as a result of chemical interactions effecting interfacial tension and interfacial film strength.

研究了破乳剂存在下油膜寿命、油膜薄化速率以及油水界面性质与破乳效果的关系。结果表明，破乳剂使油水界面弹性降低，导致油水界面强度减弱，界面膜寿命变短，界面膜厚度变薄。当膜厚度变薄到一临界值时，膜破裂，导致破乳脱水。同种破乳剂，随着其浓度的增加，界面弹性降低。当浓度超过某一值时，界面弹性值基本不变。不同种破乳剂，界面弹性降低幅度越大，其破乳效果越好。界面弹性值可以很好解释破乳剂的脱水率变化规律。

研究了煤油与原油配制模拟油乳状液的稳定性，应用显微镜测定了模拟油乳状液粒子的粒径。实验确定了配制模拟油乳状液的最佳原油与煤油比、乳化速度、乳化时间和油水比。对破乳剂OX-9354和OX-9351在模拟油与原油乳状液中的脱水情况进行了对比，表明脱水率变化趋势相同，模拟油可以用来评价破乳剂。

Resin and asphaltene were separated from Daqing crude oil and were dissolved in decane1 The interfacial viscoelasticity was investigated by applying the cont rolled stress model of oscillatory ring interfacial rheometer CIR-100.The effects of resin,asphaltene contents in decane,pH values,and demulsifiers in aqueous phase on interfacial viscoelasticity were studied1 It was shown the interfacial viscoelasticity of water/decane containing asphaltenes or resins is of the order of 4 higher than that of water/decane,and the interfacial viscoelasticity increased with increasing resin and asphaltene concent rations in decane.When the pH value in aqueous phase was about 7,interfacial elasticity approached a maximum1 Demulsifers in aqueous phase could obviously reduce interfacial viscoelasticity and interfacial tension.

针对模拟采出液和三元复合驱矿场采出液，研究了破乳剂对复合体系界面张力和膜强度的影响。破乳剂浓度增加，二元复合体系界面张力降低，而三元复合体系界面张力升高。破乳剂分子部分顶替乳化剂分子并显著降低了界面膜强度。

三元复合驱产出的原油乳状液稳定性很高，不同时期的产出液含水不同，会出现不同含水的原油乳状液。现有的游离水脱除工艺都是原油乳状液从沉降脱水罐底部进入，与罐中的游离水混合，进行一段脱水流程。因此，实际的破乳过程应是原油乳状液以液滴形式分散在水中进行的。本文旨在室内模拟这一阶段沉降脱水的动态破乳过程。 动态法在液膜分离技术中得到了广泛的应用，也是评价液膜用乳状液稳定性的常用方法[1-3]。但在原油乳状液处理中的应用尚未见报导。迄今为止，对原油乳状液稳定性，破乳剂的筛选或评价一般均采用静态瓶试法（以下简称静态法）。静态法在筛选破乳剂方面具有操作简单、快速等优点。但其操作是条件性，评价是相对性的，每一操作步骤都必须条件统一，动作规范，否则结果重现性不好。由于室内脱水与现场脱水条件的差别，现场最佳破乳剂用量往往无法用静态法确定[4]，现场试验确定最佳用量，不仅周期长，而且造成巨大浪费。而动态法在确定破乳剂用量方面具有明显的优越性。该法不仅能够定量评价不同原油乳状液的稳定性及破乳剂的性能，而且能够用来确定破乳剂的用量。同时也可以推断破乳剂的作用机理。

采用溶胶2凝胶方法制备了孔道结构复合材料H3PW12O40/TiO2，采用ICP2AES，UV/DRS，31PMASNMR，TEM和N2吸附等技术对其组成和结构进行了表征。结果表明，催化剂中活性组分H3PW12O40的基本骨架结构未发生改变，H3PW12O40的担载量为22.29%，催化剂平均粒径为40nm，具有双孔结构，其平均微孔和介孔孔径分别为0.61和3.06nm。考察了催化剂可见光光催化降解6种水溶性染料的性能。结果表明，6种染料均可不同程度地被降解和矿化。通过对染料中性红的光催化降解实验，比较了H3PW12O40/TiO2，DegussaP225和锐钛矿结构TiO2的可见光光催化活性，其中，H3PW12O40/TiO2活性最高，且催化剂最易分离，可循环使用。