China, an oil and NG scarcity country, is coal dependent, and this situation will remain for a long time. DME, as an ideal replacer of liquid fuel, is considered to develop. The efficient way of producing DME from coal is under research. Considering the components of coal and natural gas (NG), we choose co-feed (coal and NG) and co-production (electricity and DME) system (Co–Co system) to be studied on. Three systems which are the standalone system, co-generation system and Co–Co system are simulated by Aspen-Plus. The simulation results concerning material flows, exergy flows, CO2 emission and the evaluation indexes are obtained. It is found that Co–Co system has higher exergy efficiency, higher economic benefit, and it is environmental friendly because of releasing the least CO2.The analysis llustrates that Co–Co system has obviously advantage over the other two kinds of systems.

A systematic methodology is presented for refinery modeling and optimization on the basis of much more detailed molecular information than is used in conventional lumped methods. The novelty of this work is that it incorporates models based on microscopic understanding into optimization to achieve macroscopic improvements. A molecular matrix based on a homologous series of hydrocarbon compounds is used to characterize refining streams. A transformation method is developed for obtaining molecular compositions from stream bulk properties. Molecular models are then built for several processes. Molecular modeling and optimization are finally integrated into an overall refinery optimization framework. Results show that molecular information can provide much better understanding and new insights into refining operation. Consequently optimization based on molecular modeling can greatly improve total profit while making quality products that satisfy environmental regulations.

A systematic methodology is presented for refinery modelling and optimisation on the basis of much more detail molecular information than conventional lumped methods. The novelty of this work is to incorporate models based on microscopic understanding into optimisation to achieve macroscopic im- provement. A molecular matrix based on homologous series of hydrocarbon compounds (B. Peng, Ph.D. Thesis, UMIST, 1999, pp. 22-41) is used to characterise refining streams. A transformation method is developed for obtaining molecular compositions from stream bulk properties. Molecular models are then built for several processes. Molecular modelling and optimisation are finally integrated into an overall refinery optimisation framework. Results show that molecular information can provide much better un-derstanding and new insights into refining operation. Consequently optimisation based on molecular modelling can greatly improve total profit while making quality products satisfying environmental regu-lations.

本文基于对我国能源、资源现状以及煤炭行业的研究，将多资源、多产品关联耦合的新型煤气化多联产结构与生态工业园区结合，指出煤气化多联产系统是未来煤利用的重要方向和发展趋势，具有环境、能源、经济多方面的共同效益。在此基础上，讨论了煤气化多联产生态工业系统的关键技术与问题，进行多角度的系统分析，剖析生态工业园区实践的现状与未来，提出了主要问题，并指明了发展方向。

With more and more severe problems of environmental pollution, the chemical industry entails the consideration of minimum environmental impact when synthesizing reaction path. In this paper, a systematic method for reaction path synthesis is described in which undesirable chemicals are cycled to realize zero avoidable pollution. A novel concept of simple stoichiometric reactions (SSRs) is introduced to determine simple stoichiometries between raw materials, probable intermediate chemicals and co-products and to form a reaction path network. Promising reactions are identified by an optimization program from this network. Case studies are discussed to illustrate the proposed method.

In this paper, a hierarchical optimization procedure for reaction path synthesis is presented in which the overall reaction is not necessarily desirable with respect to the thermodynamics or mechanism of reaction. According to the specified raw materials, desired product, and probable yproducts, the overall reactions are determined through the generation method of simple stoichiometric reactions and evaluated by economic potential and other criteria such as thermodynamic feasibility and kinetic desirability. For an overall reaction that is unachievable thermodynamically or kinetically while potentially desirable with respect to profit, a novel procedure for overall reaction decomposition by adding intermediate chemicals is proposed to realize it by several thermodynamically feasible division reactions. When this method is used, the optimal solution of reaction path synthesis can be either an overall reaction or several division reactions. A case study is described to illustrate the proposed procedure.

Exergy analysis of eco-industrial systems reflects the thermodynamic characteristics of resource utilization by studying complicated material flow patterns to an industrial system. Different indicators based on exergy analysis are presented, such as system exergy depletion index, cycling ratio of material exergy, etc. which can be used to evaluate the efficiency of resource utilization and the environmental potential effect. The interrelations of these exergy indicators and their interpretation on industrial ecology are further discussed. Finally, the result of case study suggests effectiveness of exergy analysis methods and practicability of these exergy estimate indices.

选取3个典型的历史时期：自然生态系统、传统农业社会和现代工业社会，运用物质流分析方法对3个不同时期中国磷元素代谢网络进行定量描述并建立相关数学模型，认识中国磷元素代谢模式的演化过程，为识别现代社会磷元素代谢不可持续的瓶颈提供数据支持。

为实现磷资源产业可持续发展，以中国磷资源产业为对象，运用投入产出分析（input output a11alvsis IOA）方法对其整个生命周期的元素代谢和物质循环进行定量描述和分析。总结磷元素高效循环利用的技术手段和措施，提出生产智能控缓释化肥、减少含磷农药使用量、减少含磷洗涤剂使用量、回收人畜粪便生产有机肥料和回收污水中的磷等措施构成6个不同方案改善该系统的物质利用水平，并对元素循环效率等指标进行分析比较。研究结果表明，合理选取、综合采用先进的循环经济技术手段，可以提高中国磷资源产业物质利用水平和元素循环效率。

基于发酵生产的特点及建模要求，以某企业燃料乙醇生产过程为研究对象，利用工业生产中的参数及数据，建立了以乙醇发酵效果为目标的BP神经网络模型，以静态模型反映复杂的动态问题。探讨了乙醇发酵生产模型的误差产生原因，并提出改进方案，根据已有经验将相关参数进行了合理组合，调整神经网络模型的输入输出参数结构，以提高仿真模拟效果。通过多次模型改进，使模拟的平均相对误差从10%提高至5.4%，为进一步研究发酵生产建模提供了思路。