水信息学是一门新兴的学科，是在水范围内运用知识的新途径、元知识。它着重运用计算机技术、通信网络技术、3S技术、可视化技术等一系列高新技术，并结合传统水科学和工程学的方法，研究与水环境相关数据的收集、存储、处理、模拟、预测和结果显示等问题。文章首先探讨了几种不同的水环境概念及水环境研究模型，阐述了近年生态水力学模型的制约因素。生态水力学模型建立在时空一致性和质量能量守恒等假设上，而水生态系统的高度复杂性、非线性和时空特异性制约模型的发展。从“知识发现”和“知识管理”两个视角出发，重点阐述数学模型、数据挖掘、数据同化、数据驱动、地理信息系统、决策支持系统、商业软件等水信息学方法在水环境研究中的应用。目前水信息学还处于起步阶段，各方法交叉结合的研究还比较少，在今后的研究中有待加强，包括基于数据的各方法手段的结合、基于数据和基于过程的两者结合、水环境的知识发现和知识管理的结合等。

通过分析渤海湾中与富营养化有关的主要因素, 综合了化学指标、浮游植物指标并考虑到细菌指标，提出渤海湾了海水富营养化的二级模糊综合评价方法，对渤海湾富营养化状态进行了评价，并用加权平均原则对结果进行了处理。对评价结果进行排序，发现渤海湾北部近岸海域和南部的养殖区富营养化程度严重，且夏季最高，秋季最低。

于2005年5 月～10月对渤海湾的浮游细菌和叶绿素含量进行了3个航次的调查。结果表明，在渤海湾表层水体中，细菌丰度与叶绿素之间存在一定的相关关系，且10月份它们的相关性高度显著（r=0.845，p<0.01）；海洋细菌的生物量占浮游植物初级生产量的0.355%～56.25%；三个季节BB：PB的空间变化都有外海大于近岸的趋势；8月份外源有机物是影响此季节海洋细菌数量变化的主要因素；10月份的初级生产是影响渤海湾水域浮游细菌分布的重要因素。

Pollution loads from land sources and their impact on the receiving waters can be predicted by using land-use and surface water quality models, respectively. In this paper details are given of the development of an integrated modelling system for managing water quality in coastal basins. The system includes a model linking the pollution input loads to land-use and a model for simulating surface flow and chemical and biological processes. The land-use model consists of two main components: a database and a model base. It uses a GIS system, namely ArcGIS, as the model platform. The database, built in the Geo-database format, includes six data sets containing information on social, economical, bathymetrical and hydrological aspects of a study area. The model base includes a series of transfer functions that link the pollution loads to key sources, including those from: industrial, domestic and agricultural inputs, and fish and animal farming. The water quality model is a numerical model which solves the governing equations representing the physical, chemical and biological processes in coastal waters. The modelling system was set up for Bohai Bay in China, with the land-use model being used to provide nutrient loadings from individual inputs and the water quality model used to predict the impact of these inputs on the receiving waters. Model simulations were also undertaken to predict the water quality conditions for various development and management scenarios.

Water exchange is an important hydrodynamic character of sea bays, and it is the basis for the study of the enviornmental capacity of sea bays. In this paper, a relation matrix is set up to describe the interaction among different areas of a sea bay, and to predict the water quality of those areas. The relation matrix is calculater based on the mumerical results from a water quality model. This method is applied to the study of water exchange and the prediction of water quality of the Bohai Sea. The Bohai Sea is divided into five areas, and the effect of seasonal wind is taken into consideration. The results show a the relation matrix can be used to study the water exchange among different areas and predict water quality of different areas at the respective characteristic time, b) the reduction of pollutant is dependent on both water exchange and initial distribution of the pollutant, and c) the half-life time of the pollutant is longer than the half-exchange time of the sea water.

在近岸缓坡浅水海岸，波浪破碎产生沿岸是近岸海域流场的重要组成部分，它对污染物输移扩散规律的影响重大。在高阶近似抛物化缓坡方程求解大面积波浪场基础上，建立了波浪作用下污染物输移扩散数学模型。计算结果与不同坡度均匀斜坡地形上具有不同波高、周期的规则波及不规则波浪作用下污染物输移扩散实验结果进行了比较。分析了各种因素对波浪作用下沿岩流分布规律影响，所得结论认为地开坡度及入射波高对污染物输移扩散的影响较大，波浪作用将使缓坡海滩上污染物的输移扩散平行岸线方向。

本文在高阶近似抛物化缓坡方程求解大面积波浪场基础上，利用辐射应力的概念建立了波生沿岸流模型。通过与不同斜坡地形条件下具有不同波高、周期的规则波及不规则波生流的物理模型实验结果比较，验证了数学模型应用的广泛性和正确性。本文着重分析了数学模型中水平涡粘系数的确定，并得出了沿岸流的一些规律性结论。

Based on the study of the wave propagation, breaking, longshore current and the effect of wave on current structure in the near shore area with a mild bottom slope, the wave is considered to be an important dynamic factor for pollutant transportation in the coastal water. Numerical simulation shows that the pollutant will transfer along shore when the incident wave is at an angle to the shoreline. This phenomenon is very significant if the outfall is located in the surfzone. Therefore, in the design of sea outfall, to improve near shore environment, the water wave should be considered as an important hydrodynamic factor.

一般的关系型数据库处理近岸海域富营养化监测数据时难以同时管理数据的空间属性和一般属性，且不具有对数据进行空间分析的能力。文中以ArcGIS地理信息系统为数据管理平台，克服了一般数据库的上述缺陷。文章以渤海湾水体富营养化研究为实例，应用ArcGIS地理信息系统自身的功能对监测数据进行了空间分布特性和时间变化趋势分析及水体营养状况的评价，取得了较满意的结果。

详细地研究了天津近岸海域的浮游植物种类组成、生态类群及分布状况。结果表明：各季节硅藻门占绝对优势，种类组成以广温广盐近岸种为主。浮游植物的平均细胞丰度以8月份最高，5月份次之，再次之为10月份。浮游植物的种类组成和丰度具有明显的季节性和空间分布特征，其变化与温度和氮营养盐含量密切相关。