磁海铁（钴）矿床颇具特色，以“石榴石-透辉石-磁铁矿”为基本矿石建造；成矿作用发生在早二叠世北山裂陷作用和火成活动晚期，以基性次火山岩浆期后富铁流体的（交代）充填为成矿方式，矿体产于辉绿岩体原生裂隙系统；成矿流体的化学演化具有典型（火山）岩浆期后热液演化特点，形成了一系列热液蚀变体，其中石榴石透辉石岩有别于传统理解的“夕卡岩”；成矿物质源于碱性玄武岩浆，基性次火山岩浆多次脉动式入侵是矿床形成的必要条件。文章较系统阐明了磁海矿床的成矿地质地球化学特征，证实了它的次火山热液成矿特征。

大规模成矿作用的地质构造背景是国内外矿床学界普遍关注的重大问题。文章从盆地整体着眼，从盆地构造-沉积-岩浆-变质作用过程着手，通过盆地内地质、地球物理和遥感等事实分析了滇西兰坪盆地的构造体制和成矿背景。兰坪盆地在古特提斯构造基础上发展起来，近南北向盆缘超岩石圈断裂和盆中央穿壳断裂及近东西向隐伏构造共同控制了盆地的动力过程，中-新生代经历了印支期裂谷、燕山期拗陷及喜马拉雅期走滑拉分的性质演变。受印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞制约，板内构造体制下的深大断裂和岩浆活动、幔流上涌、地层中不整合及壳幔相互作用等所体现的大陆地壳强烈运动是兰坪盆地的成矿基本地质背景。推测兰坪盆地具有大规模有效沟通地幔的盆地动力学体制。

东秦岭泥盆纪山阳2柞水成矿区内众多层控贱金属硫化物矿床含矿层中含有相当比例的电气石，这些电气石属于黑电气石——镁电气石类质同象系列，一般Mg>Fe、Na>Ca（阳离子比较），明显的成分环带记录了主成矿期的海底（喷气）热液沉积成矿方式和随后的区域变质及热液叠加过程，在主成矿期形成的电气石的化学成分[FeOö（FeO+MgO）=0.34—0.39]和硼同位素组成（D11B=-7.6á——-8.8á）与海底（喷气）热液沉积成因块状硫化物矿床中电气石相似。由此，进一步证实了成矿区内层控矿床主成矿期的海底（喷气）热液沉积成因方式。

为确定辽宁青城子矿集区金、银的成矿时代，分别以含金硅化岩和含银网脉状石英晶体内流体包裹体为对象，应用Rb-Sr法测得金、银成矿的等时线年龄为（233±31）Ma～（234±14）Ma;作为对Rb-Sr法测年结果的验证，又以与贵金属矿石矿物共生的热液石英为对象，用40Ar/39Ar快中子活化法测得坪年龄tp=（238.78±0.74）Ma～（238.80±0.60）Ma，等时线年龄ti=（239.46±1.13）Ma～（240.35±0.88）Ma。Rb-Sr和40Ar/39Ar两种方法的测年结果基本一致，与本区印支期岩浆活动时代〔217.6Ma～（230.7±5）Ma〕吻合。

镜铁山矿区以开采铁矿著称，最近又发现铜矿床，并正在进行勘探。该铁铜矿床沉积于震旦纪裂陷海盆之中，该海盆同沉积期构造活动明显。铁矿层及其中上部产有大量纹层状、层状碧玉岩和重晶石岩，底板伴随硅化等同生退色蚀变，产有细（网）脉浸染状工业铜矿体。地质和地球化学特征揭示出铁铜矿床主期成矿为海底喷流沉积方式，后生改造仅对铜的局再富集有一定意义。

There are giant mineral deposits, including the Jinding Zn-Pb and Baiyangping Ag-Co-Cu, and other important mineral deposits (e.g., Baiyangchang Ag-Cu, Jinman Cu deposits, etc.) in the Lanping Mesozoic-Cenozoic Basin, Yunnan Province, China. The tabular ore-bodies and some veins hosted in terrestrial clastic rocks of the Mesozoic- Cenozoic age and no outcropping of igneous rocks in the giant deposits lead to the proposal of syngenetic origin, but the giant mineral deposits are not stratabound (e.g. MVT, Sandstone- and Sedex-type). They formed in a continental red basin with intense crust movement. The mineralization is controlled by structures and lithology and occurs in different strata, and no sedimentary nature and no exhalative sediments are identified in the deposits. The deposits show some relations with organic matter (now asphalt and petroleum) and evaporates (gypsum). The middle-low-temperature (mainly 110℃ to 280℃) mineralization took place at a depth of about 0.9 km to 3.1 km during the early Himalayan (58 to 67 Ma). The salinity of ore-forming fluids is surprisingly low (1.6% to 18.0% wt NaCl equ.). Affected by the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates, the mantle is disturbed under the Lanping Basin. The large-scale mineralization is closely linked with the geodynamics of the crust movement, the mantle and mantle-flux upwelling and igneous activity. Giant mineral deposits and their geodynamic setting are unique in the Lanping Basin.

在流体包裹体显微冷热台系统观测基础上，通过显微激光拉曼探针揭示出兰坪中-新生代盆地内金顶及外围矿床成矿主阶段原生流体包裹体含烃富CO2，成分变化大。流体成分的耦合关系研究并配合O、C同位素分析认为成矿流体中部分CO2来自地幔，部分是沉积地层中碳酸盐岩和有机质分解成因，H2O和烃主要起源于大气成因盆地卤水和地层有机质。地幔源CO2对贱金属的搬运可能贡献突出，而烃类对金属的沉淀意义重大。成矿流体成分具有幔源（富CO2和金属）和壳源（盆地流体富烃类和H2O）两种流体混合的特征，暗示不同性质流体的混合可能是成矿作用基本方式。

南秦岭泥盆化沉积柱中产有多种类型海底水沉积岩。它们的∑REE偏低（平均63.09×10-6），REE配分曲线平缓右倾，La/Yb=2～8，Ce亏损，总体上与海水相似。产于Sedex含矿层中的热水沉积岩具有正Eu异常，与现代海底液及红海热液深积物可比；而产在Sedex含矿层以下地层中的热水沉积岩Eu亏损，与EPR热液沉积物相似。REE地球化学研究和岩厂学研究结果一致，支持热水沉积岩REE来源于海水及部分下伏沉积（包括基底），含矿热水沉积岩是盆地热演化到一定阶段具有一定深度和规模的循环对流体在海底的化学沉积，而Sedex含矿层以下地层中的热水沉积岩则是浅部热水对流循环的海底显示。成岩和变质作用对岩石的REE未造成影响。

Both the Jinding and Baiyangping ore deposits developed in the Lanping basin, which is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic terrestrial clastic sedimentary basin. Their occurrences can easily lead many people to compare them with the Pb-Zn deposit hosted in sedimentary rocks, such as Mississippian Valley-, Sedex- and sandstone-type Pb-Zn deposits. However, the Lanping basin developed in the settings of strong tectonic activity of the continental crust, which could cause an effective material exchange between the lower crust and the upper mantle. The orebodies are clearly tectonically controlled without syngenetic features, which probably represents a new type of the sedimentary rock-hosted Pb-Zn deposit. The isotopic compositions of noble gases in ore-forming fluids indicate that 2%-32% of helium (3He/4He=0.19 Ra-1.97 Ra) is derived from the mantle, 50.1% of neon (20Ne/22Ne=10.45-10.83; 21Ne/22Ne=0.03) from the mantle, and considerable amount of xenon (129Xe/130Xe=5.84-6.86; 134Xe/130Xe=2.26-2.71) from the mantle, which show that mantle fluids played an important role in the ore formation. The ore-forming age of 67-60 Ma obtained by Re-Os and 40Ar-39Ar dating methods is later than the host rock, which is coeval with the Himalayan alkali magmatism of the mantle source and mantle-crust source. In this paper, the mineralization of the Jinding and Baiyangping ore deposits is considered to be related to the mantle fluids which move upward with the magma or along the deep faults, and mix with the meteoritic brine in the crust to result in large-scale deposition.