朱诚
1、地貌与第四纪地质学;2、环境演变与全球变化;3、环境考古
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- 姓名:朱诚
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学术头衔:
博士生导师
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学科领域:
第四纪地质学
- 研究兴趣:1、地貌与第四纪地质学;2、环境演变与全球变化;3、环境考古
朱诚,男,1954年12月生,安徽歙县人,教授、博导。1990年6月北京大学地理系毕业获博士学位。现为南京大学中青年学术骨干、南京大学区域环境演变研究所所长、第四纪地质学博士点负责人、中国第四纪研究委员会教学专业委员会副主任、中国自然资源学会资源持续利用与减灾专业委员会副主任、中国第四纪研究委员会环境考古专业委员会常务委员、中国地理学会冰川冻土分会理事、2001年获国务院政府特殊津贴、江苏省“333跨世纪学术技术带头人”入选者。
主要从事地貌学与第四纪地质学以及环境考古等方面的研究。参加过 1988—1989年中国第五次南极考察,1989年以来曾分别在阿根廷南美雪冰冻土研究所、法国鲁昂大学、德国李比希?吉森大学从事访问学者研究。1994年以来主持长江流域环境演变和环境考古研究领域的国家自然科学基金重大研究计划项目1项、主持国家自然科学基金面上项目4项、主持国家教育部优秀青年教师基金1项、全国高校博士点基金2项、江苏省教委面向21世纪教学改革重点基金和国家自然科学基金国际合作项目基金各1项。1993年以来出版主持研究的专著和教材3本,发表学术论文143篇(其中SCI论文13篇;一级学报71篇;核心期刊35篇;国际会议论文13篇)。主持的“现代冰缘地貌研究”项目荣获国家教委1995年科技进步三等奖,承担的“中国南极长城站地貌与沉积研究”项目获1996年国家教委科技进步二等奖,承担的“南极长城站航空气象要素特征研究”项目获1996年中国人民解放军科学技术进步四等奖,承担的“旅游心理学与导游创新课程”获2001年江苏省优秀教学二等奖,主持的“上海马桥遗址文化断层成因研究”项目获1997年南京大学首届人文社会科学科研成果二等奖。1997年获南京大学青年学术研究奖。主编的《全球变化科学导论》教材2005年入选教育部“研究生教学用书”。1996年以来已指导培养出博士生(获博士学位)12名、硕士生(获硕士学位)7名、博士后两名、高级(副教授以上职称)访问学者4名。
研究方向:1、地貌与第四纪地质学;2、环境演变与全球变化;3、环境考古
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655
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成果数
7
【期刊论文】Environmental change and its impacts on human settlement in the Yangtze Delta, P.R. China
朱诚, Q. Zhanga, *, C. Zhub, C.L. Liub, T. Jianga
Catena 60(2005)267-277,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Archaeological excavations and environment–archaeology studies over many years in the Yangtze Delta region have provided exceptional information about climatic variations, growth and demise of human civilization and human–environment interactions. The archaeological excavations show that the cultural layers of the Neolithic sites are interrupted by barren layers without any cultural relics (so-called cultural interruptions), which may be the result of harsh environmental conditions (arid, flooding, extreme cold or warmth). Temporal and spatial analyses of 14C-dates for buried trees, peat, shell ridges, and Neolithic sites show that environmental changes are responsible for the rise and fall of human civilization. The progress of human civilization was interrupted at least 5 times in the Yangtze Delta, matching 5 periods of high sea level, peat accumulation, and burial of trees. The collapse of the Liangzhu culture about 4000 BP was followed by the lessdeveloped Maqiao culture and resulted from extreme environmental and hydrological conditions such as floods.
Holocene epoch, Environmental conditions, Human-environment correlation, Yangtze Delta
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朱诚, Qiang Zhanga, *, Cheng Zhub, Tong Jianga, Stefan Beckerc
Quaternary International 135(2005)131-137,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
A 5.67-m-thick section in loess-like sediments at Xiashu was exposed during archaeological excavation of the Fangniushan Paleolithic site. ESR dating and grain-size analysis suggested that the sediments are wind-blown in origin and were deposited within a period of about 400 kyr. Environmental proxy indicators, including magnetic susceptibility, frequency-dependent magnetism, Kd, median grain size and clay grade percentage show that five warm and humid climatic periods occurred in the study region in the mid-Pleistocene, namely at 130-90, 192, 195-198, 203-230 and 345-357 ka. These five periods roughly correspond to the S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5 paleosols in the Chinese Loess Plateau stratigraphy and also to the deep-sea oxygen isotope stages 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13-15. The upper four climatic periods are comparable to the four warm climatic periods recorded in the Laohushan Xiashu loess section. Discovery of stone implements from the sixth and the seventh layers during the archaeological excavation indicates human activities at that time, and the environmental proxies suggest that the environment was suitable for human activities.
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朱诚, JIANG FENGQING, ★, ZHU CHENG, MU GUIJIN, HU RUJI and MENG QINGXIA
Natural Hazards (2005) 36: 307-330,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Analyses of flood disasters were conducted using 1950–2001 data on the flooddamaged areas of cropland, the annual number of flood disasters and the direct economic losses in Xinjiang. There is an increasing trend in flood disasters in Xinjiang during the second half of the 20th century, especially since the mid-1980s. Results of a non-parametric Mann-Kendall test on the cropland-flooded index time series revealed an abrupt change in the mid-1980s. The reasons are discussed with respect to changes in annual precipitation and regional human activities, by correlating cropland-flooded area to annual precipitation and three socioeconomic parameters (population, cropland area and GDP). The correlation coefficients between the flood-damaged area and the annual precipitation during the periods 1961-1998 and 1987-1998 were substantially higher than during the period of 1961-1986. The correlation coefficients between the flood-damaged area and the three human activity parameters, however,were relatively high for the whole period of 1961-1998, but generally not significant for the 1961-1986 and 1987-1998 periods, separately. These suggest that the occurrence of flood disasters could be mainly induced by local human activities before the mid-1980s, and thereafter mainly by abnormal precipitation in Xinjiang. Meteorological and hydrological records showed that the number of heavy rainfall events and the frequency of rainstorm flood disasters increased since the 1980s. In addition, siltation of reservoirs and loss of flood control structures are partly responsible for the increase of flood-damaged area. These results suggest that the increasing trend in flood disasters in Xinjiang since the middle 1980s could be attributed, at least in part, to an increasing trend in annual precipitation.
flood disasters,, Mann-Kendall test,, abrupt change,, annual precipitation variation,, human activity,, mid-1980s,, Xinjiang
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朱诚, SHI-YONG YU, , *, CHENG ZHU, and FUBAO WANG
JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE (2003) 18(6)521-525,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Lying athwart both the temperate and subtropical zones, the Ning-Zhen Mountains are particularly prone to extreme floods in the summer months when cold fronts collide with the subtropics-derived warm airmasses. The Holocene flood deposits in the region may provide a long-term perspective on hydrographical change and its palaeoclimatic implications. Radiocarbon dates on carbonised wood preserved in flooding sediments reveal that the region has experienced a number of catastrophic floods throughout the middle Holocene. These extreme flooding events cluster into three periods: (i) 9200–8200 cal. yr BP, (ii) 7600–5800 cal. yr BP and (iii) 5200–4000 cal. yr BP, corresponding to the times when the East Asian monsoon has been intensified under warm conditions. The significant falls in flooding frequency around 8200 cal. yr BP, 5800 cal. yr BP and 4000 cal. yr BP may have resulted from substantial reduction in regional precipitation, probably associated with meridional displacement of the planetary frontal system. Copyright
lower Yangtze River, carbonised wood, palaeofloods, East Asian monsoon, mid-Holocene climate.,
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【期刊论文】Role of climate in the rise and fall of Neolithic cultures on the Yangtze Delta
朱诚, SHIYONG YU, CHENG ZHU, JIAN SONG AND WEIZHENG QU
Delta. Boreas, Vol. 29, pp. 157-165.,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Climatic changes in the Yangtze Delta have played an important role in the emergence, persistence and collapse of civilization. Archaeological excavations in the region over many years have demonstrated that there are several layers of fine sand or organic mud that interrupt the consecutive culture strata in a number of Neolithic culture sites. Continuous biostratigraphical and sedimentological records from the Maqiao cultural site, Shanghai, suggest that the fine sand and organic mud units resulted from expansion of water bodies both by sea-level fluctuations and from increased flooding during cold and humid episodes of Holocene climates. The absence of human settlement from 7240 BP to 5320 BP in the region was mainly caused by higher sea levels resulting from a warm and humid climate. The Neolithic cultures developed under conditions of lower and more stable sea level as well as warmer and dryer climates between about 4410 BP and 3250 BP. A flood-induced lake expansion interrupted the civilization in the region at about 4200 BP. Later, higher water tables and expansion of lakes between 3250 BP and AD 618 under a cold and moist climate temporarily terminated settlement on the delta. Later, during the Tang Dynasty, beginning at about AD 618, the region again became suitable for human settlement under conditions of more favourable climate and lower water tables.
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朱诚, ZHU Cheng, , ZHENG Chaogui, MA Chunmei, SUN Zhibin, ZHU Guangyao, WANG Huilin, GAO Huazhong, WANG Pengling & HUANG Run
Chinese Science Bulletin 2005 Vol. 50 No.21 2493-2504,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
Based on the principle that the present is the key to the past, detailed analyses, such as AMS 14C dating, grain size, component and morphology of heavy minerals, micro-morphology of zircon, Rb/Sr, magnetic susceptibility and total organic carbon (TOC), were conducted to identify paleoflood sediments archived in Zhongba Site. The results indicate that the plaeoflood sediments bear great similarities with modern flood sediments in the following aspects: (1) probability cumulative curves mainly show a pattern of 3-4 segments; (2) grain-size distribution of suspended matter rangesbetween 3 and 10Ф; (3) the sediments are well-sorted, most of which are suspended matter (>50%); (4) the same species, quantity and morphology of heavy minerals; (5) scanning electronic microscope images show that shapes of zircon are mainly oval and nearly spheral, rounded due to long-distance transport; (6) higher Rb/Sr values (0.55-0.66)than those of sediments from cultural layers (0.03―0.26); (7) magnetic susceptibility values (133.73―433.05 10-6m3/kg) are lower than those of sediments from cultural layers (959.25-2442.44 10−6 m3/kg); (8) TOC (0.14%-0.33%) are lower than those of sediments from cultural lay-ers (1.13%-2.95%). Our results demonstrate that, except for the 1981 flood, there are at least six paleoflood events that occurred during the Qing Dynasty, the middle of Song Dy-nasty, the early Warring States (400BC―350BC), the West Zhou Dynasty (920BC-900BC), the Xia Dynasty (2070BC-1600BC), and the late Neolithic Age (3000BC-2300BC), respectively .
Zhongba Site,, identification of paleoflood deposits,, shape of zircon,, Rb/, Sr,, magnetic susceptibility,, geochemistry indexes.,
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【期刊论文】On the Holocene sea-level highstand along the Yangtze Delta and Ningshao Plain, East China
朱诚, ZHU Cheng, ZHENG Chaogui, , MA Chunmei, YANG Xiaoxuan, GAO Xizhen, WANG Haiming & SHAO Jiuhua
Chinese Science Bulletin 2003 Vol. 48 No.24 2672-2683,-0001,():
-1年11月30日
The temporal-spatial distribution of Neolithic sites shows a long period of absence of human settlements during the early Holocene on the Yangtze Delta, and the area has not been colonized until 7000 aBP, corresponding to the onset of the Majiabang culture. Besides the regions east to the sandbar of Maqiao Site in Shanghai, foraminifera are not found in Neolithic cultural layers since 7000 aBP, indicating a widespread transgression between 10000 and 7000 aBP. Evidence of radiocarbon-dated cultural relics, foraminifera and pollen records from the Hemudu Site suggests that the Hemudu culture emerged and developed during the mid-Holocene Climatic Optimum. Therefore, the hypothesis of a mid-Holocene sea-level highstand along the Yangtze Delta and Ningshao Plain from 7000 to 5000aBP is an open debate. New evidence from archaeological excavations and bio-stratigraphy suggests that, prior to 7000aBP, a high sea level occurred along the Ningshao Plain. Subsequently, the sea level was lowered between 7000 and 5000aBP, and the area suffered from frequent floods from 5000 to 3900aBP.
Yangtze Delta,, Ningshao Plain,, Holocene sea-level highstand,, Hemudu Site,, foraminifera,, pollen.,
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