本文利用武汉测绘科技大学摄影测量与遥感系研制的联合平差程序WuCAPS系统，对按严格作业要求进行的西安地籍加密测区的两个规则小区摄影测量加密的若干精度问题进行了研究。通过对测区的自检校光束法医域网平差计算得出：区域网加密的内精度（各个像对相对定向单位权中误差之乎均值）为±3.2m，区域网光束法乎差后的单位权 中误差为±5.0～±6.0m，这些已达刊国际先进水平。平差坐标的理论精度为鬲=1.7，ū=4.6，实际精度为r=4.2、=5.9。经过对平差坐标残差的最小=乘配置后坐标精度为=3.2，ū=5.8，这些数值与国外结果仍然有差距，文中分析了产生这种绝对精度差异的原因。此外，还给出了用国产1022胶片进行部分试验的结果。

简要介绍了在多级空间信息网格间进行坐标变换的基本原理，通过对平面仿射变换与严格坐标变换坐标精度的比较发现，在适当尺度的网格内。用平面仿射变换代替严格变换的坐标变换精度高于地图表达精度。试验结果为多级空间信息网格的划分及适应空间坐标变换的空间数据组织方式提供了尺度准则。

介绍了在WGS284坐标系中进行GPS辅助光束法区域网平差的基本原理以及利用大地水准面拟合方法实施大地高与正常高的变换方法。利用新疆库尔勒地区1：25000和1：50000实际航摄资料验证了理论与程序实现的正确性。试验结果表明，无地面控制GPS辅助光束法区域网平差可用于中小比例尺测图的加密，在WGS284坐标系中可以获得较高的点定位精度，而在国家80坐标系下，利用大地水准面拟合前后的GPS摄站坐标进行GPS辅助光束法区域网平差，加密精度没有明显差异。

对某城区一对1：8000航摄立体数字影像利用Intergraph数字摄影测量工作站上的立体量测软件IS-DM进行手工量测，然后通过用自行开发的GPS辅助光束法区域网平差软件WuCAPSGPS的单模型光束法平差精确测定了18个加密点的位置。经过对数字影像采用1到100不同质量因子的JPEG压缩，获得一组质量各异的压缩影像，从分析重建影像点定位结果的变化入手，探讨了JPEG压缩对摄影测量点定位精度的影响。试验表明：失真JPEG压缩对摄影测量点定位精度的影响是显著的。随着压缩比的增大，影像可视化质量逐渐衰减，像点量测精度不断降低，加密点位精度几乎呈线性趋势下降，且高程比平面衰减的速度要快得多。

从单线阵推扫式传感器的成像机理出发，利用6个卫星轨道开普勒参数和3个传感器姿态角建立了推扫式卫星遥感影像坐标与其地面点在地心坐标系下的坐标关系式，即构像方程。按照所建立的构像方程，对某地区一景SPOT25影像进行对地目标定位，获得了实地上83.392m的平面精度；利用单个地面控制点对卫星轨道开普勒参数和传感器姿态实施调整后，目标定位精度提高到14.217m。试验证实，所建立的构像方程是正确的，在卫星遥感对地目标定位中有较好的应用前景。

In conventional aerial photogrammetry, high precision photogrammetric point determination is always carried out by aerotriangulation using a great deal of ground control points around the perimeter and in the center of a block area because the exterior orientation parameters of aerial photographs are unknown. A technological revolution in photogrammetry has taken place since Navstar Global Positioning System (GPS) was applied to determine the 3D coordinates of exposure station positions during the photo flight missions. GPS-supported aerotriangulation is conducted by a combined bundle adjustment wth GPS navigation data, which replaces the essential ground control points with GPS-determined camera positions. The simulation experiments of GPS-supported aerotriangulation can date back at least to 1986. Recent investigations show this method is now practical. We have been engaged in theoretical studies, software development, and related to experiments and production on the field since 1990. So far, most-abundant research achievements are obtained in terms of the theory and application. In this paper, we first derive the mathematical model of combined bundle adjustment with GPS navigation data from the geometry between camera and airbrone GPS antenna, and then describes briefly a software package WuCAPS (Wuhan Combined Adjustment Program System) developed by the author, which serves the purpose of combined bundle adjustment for photogrammetric and non-photogrammetric observations. At the end of the present work,a set of actual aerial photographs, at an image scale of 1:34,000, with airborne GPS data taken fromTianjing site in China were processed by our WuCAPS. The empirical results have verified that theaccuracy of the combined bundle adjustment with 4 XYZ ground control points around the corners of block area is very closed to that of the conventional bundle adjustment with 3 additional parameters, which leads to an 88% reduction in field survey and 75% saving in production cost, and can meet the specification of topographic mapping at small or medium scale by GPS-supported aerotriangulation without ground control. This shows the ample applicability and the economic benefit of kinematic GPS relative positioning in high accurate photogrammetric point determination.

It is common knowledge that we can solve the elements of interior orientation x0, y0, f of aerial camera in collinearity equation with enough ground control points. However, in the case of vertical photography, the solution of the normal equation may be faced with singularities because x0, y0, f and XS, YS, ZS offet each other. Therefore, the conventional aerotriangulation solves only the elements of exterior orientation, ω, κ, XS, YS, ZS of photograph, whereas the elements of interior orientation x0, y0, f of aerial camera are often determined in the laboratory. As the laboratory methods can not take into full account the actual conditions in aerophotography, large deviations often occur. This paper raises two kinds of GPS-supported determination methods for the elements of interior orientation of aerial camera for the first time. The basic formula are derived from GPS-supported single-image resection in space and GPS-supported bundle block adjustment. A set of actual determination results obtained by camera Wild RC-20 with GPS data from the test field in Taiyuan are given and discussed. The test has confirmed that the two presented methods are correct in theory and efficient in practice. If several pictures with carrier phase measurements are taken over a high precision test field before and after an airphotographic mission, the elements of interior orientation of aerial camera can be determined by using GPSsupported single-image resection in space. The determination method of interior orientation elements in GPS-supported bundle block adjustment does not pose any major problem for photogrammetric adjustment but can efficiently correct the systematic errors caused by the high dynamic aerophotography. To summarize the investigations in this paper can obtain that the dynamic determination methods for the elements of interior orientation will eventually replace the conventional photogrammetric operation method where the camera calibration is independent of photo orientation, and revolutionary changes will take place in the conventional aerotriangulation which had lasted 60 years and more.

简要介绍了以航线为单元，通过相位平滑递推算法在航求解双差载波相位观测量整周相位模糊度，进而确定各摄站空间位置的无初始化GPS动态定位原理，对某测区一组实际航摄资料进行GPS数据处理和GPS辅助光束法区域网平差，证实所介绍的算法是正确的、有效的，所获取的GPS摄站坐标可满足空中三角测量的精度要求，并且用该数据与经初始化GPS动态定位获取的GPS摄站坐标数据进行GPS辅助光束法区域网平差的总体精度是完全一致的。

According to self-calibration bundle block adjustment, a mathematical model which solutes exterior orientation elements of the new imageries by using fixed imageries in the same area is set up at first. The orientation parameters of the fixed imageries are previously obtained. Several sets of aerial imageries at different scales are simulated based on a piece of DOM (Digital Orthophoto Map) with a scale of 1:50, 000 and corresponding DEM (Digital Elevation Model) with the interval of grid being 100 meters of some certain area. Finally, the exterior orientation elements of these new imageries and 3D coordinates of photogrammetric points are calculated by combined bundle block adjustment with the derived mathematical model. The empirical results show that the exterior orientation elements and the coordinates of the photogrammetric points are identical between the mentioned method and the conventional bundle block adjustment for the two periods of imageries at the same scale. However, when the image scales are different the adjusted accuracy has an apparent decrease but can still meet the specification of topographic maps. The experiment has verified that the determination of the orientation parameters of the new imageries by using the fixed imageries is correct in theory and is feasible in practice. And the accuracy of 3D coordinates of the hotogrammetric points, which are purely gained by combined adjustment with two periods of imageries, satisfies the requirement of the specification of topographic maps. That is to say, aerial riangulation without ground control points (GCPs) can be truly realized. It will have glory pplication future on the map revision,the update of geographic spatial information database and automatic change detection of multi-temporal imageries.

It is a well-recognised fact that data volume is a huge overhead for softcopy photogrammetry. For example, a file size of 100 Mbytes will be generated from a black-white aerial photograph if digitised with a resolution of 20